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@@ -107,6 +107,119 @@ $$\nabla \times f = \frac{\partial f_y}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial f_x}{\parti
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## Théorème de Schwarz
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$$\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y \partial x}, \quad \text{si } f_{xy} \text{ et } f_{yx} \text{ sont continues.}$$
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$$
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\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage{amsmath, tikz}
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
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\section*{Convolution : Exemple avec \(f(t)\) et \(g(t)\)}
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\subsection*{Les fonctions}
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1. \(f(t)\), définie comme :
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\[
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f(t) =
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\begin{cases}
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e^t & \text{si } t \leq 0, \\
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e^{-t} & \text{si } t > 0.
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\end{cases}
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\]
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2. \(g(t)\), définie comme :
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\[
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g(t) =
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\begin{cases}
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1 & \text{si } 0 \leq t \leq 1, \\
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0 & \text{sinon.}
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\end{cases}
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\]
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\subsection*{Définition de la convolution}
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La convolution est donnée par :
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\[
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(f * g)(t) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(\tau) g(t - \tau) \, d\tau
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\]
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Pour ce cas spécifique :
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\[
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(f * g)(t) =
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\begin{cases}
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\int_{0}^{t} e^\tau \, d\tau & \text{si } t \leq 1, \\
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\int_{t-1}^{t} e^\tau \, d\tau & \text{si } t > 1.
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\end{cases}
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\]
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\subsection*{Résultat de la convolution}
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Calculons les deux cas :
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1. Si \(t \leq 1\) :
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\[
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(f * g)(t) = \int_{0}^{t} e^\tau \, d\tau = \left[e^\tau \right]_{0}^{t} = e^t - 1.
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\]
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2. Si \(t > 1\) :
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\[
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(f * g)(t) = \int_{t-1}^{t} e^\tau \, d\tau = \left[e^\tau \right]_{t-1}^{t} = e^t - e^{t-1}.
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\]
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\subsection*{Visualisation des fonctions et de la convolution}
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Graph for f(t)
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\begin{axis}[
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width=12cm,
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height=6cm,
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xlabel={$t$},
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ylabel={$f(t)$ and $g(t)$},
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axis x line=middle,
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axis y line=middle,
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ymin=0, ymax=2,
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xmin=-2, xmax=2,
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samples=100,
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legend style={at={(1.1,1)},anchor=north west}
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]
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% f(t)
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\addplot[domain=-2:0, thick, blue] {exp(x)} node[pos=0.5, above] {};
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\addplot[domain=0:2, thick, blue] {exp(-x)} node[pos=0.5, above] {};
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\addlegendentry{$f(t)$}
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% g(t)
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\addplot[domain=0:1, thick, red] {1} node[pos=0.5, above] {};
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\addplot[domain=-2:0, thick, red] {0};
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\addplot[domain=1:2, thick, red] {0};
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\addlegendentry{$g(t)$}
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Les fonctions \(f(t)\) et \(g(t)\).}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Graph for the convolution
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\begin{axis}[
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width=12cm,
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height=6cm,
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xlabel={$t$},
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ylabel={$(f * g)(t)$},
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axis x line=middle,
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axis y line=middle,
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ymin=0, ymax=2,
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xmin=-1, xmax=3,
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samples=100
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]
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% Convolution result
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\addplot[domain=0:1, thick, green] {exp(x) - 1};
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\addplot[domain=1:3, thick, green] {exp(x) - exp(x-1)};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Résultat de la convolution : \((f * g)(t)\).}
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\end{figure}
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\end{document}
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$$
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---
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© Félix MARQUET
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