[liba] Add a double-precision libm

Change-Id: I3d0b5393eaaec3e01529e739535512c07f41a088
This commit is contained in:
Romain Goyet
2017-08-03 14:52:20 +02:00
parent a1f1e2df6a
commit c84b378b8b
35 changed files with 4138 additions and 1 deletions

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@@ -55,13 +55,48 @@ objs += $(addprefix liba/src/external/openbsd/, \
w_lgammaf.o \
)
objs += $(addprefix liba/src/external/openbsd/, \
e_acos.o \
e_acosh.o \
e_asin.o \
e_atanh.o \
e_cosh.o \
e_exp.o \
e_lgamma_r.o \
e_log.o \
e_log10.o \
e_pow.o \
e_rem_pio2.o \
e_sinh.o \
e_sqrt.o \
k_cos.o \
k_rem_pio2.o \
k_sin.o \
k_tan.o \
s_asinh.o \
s_atan.o \
s_ceil.o \
s_copysign.o \
s_cos.o \
s_expm1.o \
s_fabs.o \
s_floor.o \
s_log1p.o \
s_round.o \
s_scalbn.o \
s_sin.o \
s_tan.o \
s_tanh.o \
w_lgamma.o \
)
liba/src/external/openbsd/%.o: CFLAGS += -Iliba/src/external/openbsd/include -w
# isnanf ans isinff are throwing implicit declaration warnings
ifeq ($(DEBUG),1)
# OpenBSD uses double constants ("0.5" instead of "0.5f") in single-precision
# code. That's annoying because Clang rightfully decides to emit double-to-float
# aeabi conversions when building in -O0 mode, and we really don't want to code
# such functions. A simple workaround is to always build this file -Os.
# such functions. A simple workaround is to always build those files -Os.
liba/src/external/openbsd/e_expf.o: CFLAGS += -Os
liba/src/external/openbsd/s_expm1f.o: CFLAGS += -Os
liba/src/external/openbsd/s_log1pf.o: CFLAGS += -Os

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@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
#ifndef LIBA_FLOAT_H
#define LIBA_FLOAT_H
#define FLT_EVAL_METHOD __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__
#define FLT_MAX 1E+37f
#define FLT_MIN 1E-37f
#define FLT_EPSILON 1E-5f
#define LDBL_MANT_DIG (-1)
#endif

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@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
#define LIBA_MATH_H
#include "private/macros.h"
#include <float.h>
LIBA_BEGIN_DECLS
@@ -51,6 +52,29 @@ float sqrtf(float x);
float tanf(float x);
float tanhf(float x);
double acos(double x);
double acosh(double x);
double asin(double x);
double asinh(double x);
double atan(double x);
double atanh(double x);
double ceil(double x);
double cos(double x);
double cosh(double x);
double exp(double x);
double fabs(double x);
double floor(double x);
double lgamma(double x);
double log10(double x);
double log(double x);
double pow(double x, double y);
double round(double x);
double sin(double x);
double sinh(double x);
double sqrt(double x);
double tan(double x);
double tanh(double x);
LIBA_END_DECLS
#endif

105
liba/src/external/openbsd/e_acos.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
/* @(#)e_acos.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* acos(x)
* Method :
* acos(x) = pi/2 - asin(x)
* acos(-x) = pi/2 + asin(x)
* For |x|<=0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (x + x*x^2*R(x^2)) (see asin.c)
* For x>0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (pi/2 - 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2)))
* = 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* = 2s + 2s*z*R(z) ...z=(1-x)/2, s=sqrt(z)
* = 2f + (2c + 2s*z*R(z))
* where f=hi part of s, and c = (z-f*f)/(s+f) is the correction term
* for f so that f+c ~ sqrt(z).
* For x<-0.5
* acos(x) = pi - 2asin(sqrt((1-|x|)/2))
* = pi - 0.5*(s+s*z*R(z)), where z=(1-|x|)/2,s=sqrt(z)
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
* Function needed: sqrt
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one= 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
double
acos(double x)
{
double z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x| >= 1 */
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0) { /* |x|==1 */
if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* acos(1) = 0 */
else return pi+2.0*pio2_lo; /* acos(-1)= pi */
}
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* acos(|x|>1) is NaN */
}
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */
if(ix<=0x3c600000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/
z = x*x;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r));
} else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */
z = (one+x)*0.5;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
s = sqrt(z);
r = p/q;
w = r*s-pio2_lo;
return pi - 2.0*(s+w);
} else { /* x > 0.5 */
z = (one-x)*0.5;
s = sqrt(z);
df = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(df,0);
c = (z-df*df)/(s+df);
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
w = r*s+c;
return 2.0*(df+w);
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(acosl, acos);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

63
liba/src/external/openbsd/e_acosh.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
/* @(#)e_acosh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* acosh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* acosh(x) = log [ x + sqrt(x*x-1) ]
* we have
* acosh(x) := log(x)+ln2, if x is large; else
* acosh(x) := log(2x-1/(sqrt(x*x-1)+x)) if x>2; else
* acosh(x) := log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t)); where t=x-1.
*
* Special cases:
* acosh(x) is NaN with signal if x<1.
* acosh(NaN) is NaN without signal.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01; /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
double
acosh(double x)
{
double t;
int32_t hx;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
if(hx<0x3ff00000) { /* x < 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
} else if(hx >=0x41b00000) { /* x > 2**28 */
if(hx >=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf of NaN */
return x+x;
} else
return log(x)+ln2; /* acosh(huge)=log(2x) */
} else if(((hx-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0) {
return 0.0; /* acosh(1) = 0 */
} else if (hx > 0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > x > 2 */
t=x*x;
return log(2.0*x-one/(x+sqrt(t-one)));
} else { /* 1<x<2 */
t = x-one;
return log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t));
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(acoshl, acosh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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liba/src/external/openbsd/e_asin.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
/* @(#)e_asin.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* asin(x)
* Method :
* Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
* we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
* asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
* where
* R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
* and its Remes error is bounded by
* |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
*
* For x in [0.5,1]
* asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
* then for x>0.98
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
* For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
* f = hi part of s;
* c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z)
* and
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.000e+300,
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pio4_hi = 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
/* coefficient for R(x^2) */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
double
asin(double x)
{
double t,w,p,q,c,r,s;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>= 0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>= 1 */
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
/* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
} else if (ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x|<0.5 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
}
t = x*x;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
w = p/q;
return x+x*w;
}
/* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
w = one-fabs(x);
t = w*0.5;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
s = sqrt(t);
if(ix>=0x3FEF3333) { /* if |x| > 0.975 */
w = p/q;
t = pio2_hi-(2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
} else {
w = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(w,0);
c = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
r = p/q;
p = 2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-2.0*c);
q = pio4_hi-2.0*w;
t = pio4_hi-(p-q);
}
if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(asinl, asin);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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liba/src/external/openbsd/e_atanh.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
/* @(#)e_atanh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* atanh(x)
* Method :
* 1.Reduced x to positive by atanh(-x) = -atanh(x)
* 2.For x>=0.5
* 1 2x x
* atanh(x) = --- * log(1 + -------) = 0.5 * log1p(2 * --------)
* 2 1 - x 1 - x
*
* For x<0.5
* atanh(x) = 0.5*log1p(2x+2x*x/(1-x))
*
* Special cases:
* atanh(x) is NaN if |x| > 1 with signal;
* atanh(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* atanh(+-1) is +-INF with signal.
*
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, huge = 1e300;
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
atanh(double x)
{
double t;
int32_t hx,ix;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if ((ix|((lx|(-lx))>>31))>0x3ff00000) /* |x|>1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
if(ix==0x3ff00000)
return x/zero;
if(ix<0x3e300000&&(huge+x)>zero) return x; /* x<2**-28 */
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,ix);
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* x < 0.5 */
t = x+x;
t = 0.5*log1p(t+t*x/(one-x));
} else
t = 0.5*log1p((x+x)/(one-x));
if(hx>=0) return t; else return -t;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(atanhl, atanh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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liba/src/external/openbsd/e_cosh.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
/* @(#)e_cosh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* cosh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically cosh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)+exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (cosh(x) = cosh(-x)).
* 2.
* [ exp(x) - 1 ]^2
* 0 <= x <= ln2/2 : cosh(x) := 1 + -------------------
* 2*exp(x)
*
* exp(x) + 1/exp(x)
* ln2/2 <= x <= 22 : cosh(x) := -------------------
* 2
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : cosh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: cosh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : cosh(x) := huge*huge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* cosh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only cosh(0)=1 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, half=0.5, huge = 1.0e300;
double
cosh(double x)
{
double t,w;
int32_t ix;
u_int32_t lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
/* |x| in [0,0.5*ln2], return 1+expm1(|x|)^2/(2*exp(|x|)) */
if(ix<0x3fd62e43) {
t = expm1(fabs(x));
w = one+t;
if (ix<0x3c800000) return w; /* cosh(tiny) = 1 */
return one+(t*t)/(w+w);
}
/* |x| in [0.5*ln2,22], return (exp(|x|)+1/exp(|x|)/2; */
if (ix < 0x40360000) {
t = exp(fabs(x));
return half*t+half/t;
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return half*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return half*exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if (ix<0x408633CE ||
((ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(u_int32_t)0x8fb9f87d))) {
w = exp(half*fabs(x));
t = half*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, cosh(x) overflow */
return huge*huge;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(coshl, cosh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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liba/src/external/openbsd/e_exp.c vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
/* @(#)e_exp.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* exp(x)
* Returns the exponential of x.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Reduce x to an r so that |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658.
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2.
*
* Here r will be represented as r = hi-lo for better
* accuracy.
*
* 2. Approximation of exp(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Write
* R(r**2) = r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2 + r*r/6 - r**4/360 + ...
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.34658] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 to approximate R. The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-59. In
* other words,
* R(z) ~ 2.0 + P1*z + P2*z**2 + P3*z**3 + P4*z**4 + P5*z**5
* (where z=r*r, and the values of P1 to P5 are listed below)
* and
* | 5 | -59
* | 2.0+P1*z+...+P5*z - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* The computation of exp(r) thus becomes
* 2*r
* exp(r) = 1 + -------
* R - r
* r*R1(r)
* = 1 + r + ----------- (for better accuracy)
* 2 - R1(r)
* where
* 2 4 10
* R1(r) = r - (P1*r + P2*r + ... + P5*r ).
*
* 3. Scale back to obtain exp(x):
* From step 1, we have
* exp(x) = 2^k * exp(r)
*
* Special cases:
* exp(INF) is INF, exp(NaN) is NaN;
* exp(-INF) is 0, and
* for finite argument, only exp(0)=1 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then exp(x) overflow
* if x < -7.45133219101941108420e+02 then exp(x) underflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
halF[2] = {0.5,-0.5,},
huge = 1.0e+300,
twom1000= 9.33263618503218878990e-302, /* 2**-1000=0x01700000,0*/
o_threshold= 7.09782712893383973096e+02, /* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
u_threshold= -7.45133219101941108420e+02, /* 0xc0874910, 0xD52D3051 */
ln2HI[2] ={ 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
-6.93147180369123816490e-01,},/* 0xbfe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2LO[2] ={ 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
-1.90821492927058770002e-10,},/* 0xbdea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08; /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
double
exp(double x) /* default IEEE double exp */
{
double y,hi,lo,c,t;
int32_t k,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = (hx>>31)&1; /* sign bit of x */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((hx&0xfffff)|lx)!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:0.0; /* exp(+-inf)={inf,0} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
if(x < u_threshold) return twom1000*twom1000; /* underflow */
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
hi = x-ln2HI[xsb]; lo=ln2LO[xsb]; k = 1-xsb-xsb;
} else {
k = invln2*x+halF[xsb];
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2HI[0]; /* t*ln2HI is exact here */
lo = t*ln2LO[0];
}
x = hi - lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3e300000) { /* when |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return one+x;/* trigger inexact */
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
t = x*x;
c = x - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
if(k==0) return one-((x*c)/(c-2.0)-x);
else y = one-((lo-(x*c)/(2.0-c))-hi);
if(k >= -1021) {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,hy+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y;
} else {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,hy+((k+1000)<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y*twom1000;
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(expl, exp);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)er_lgamma.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* lgamma_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method:
* 1. Argument Reduction for 0 < x <= 8
* Since gamma(1+s)=s*gamma(s), for x in [0,8], we may
* reduce x to a number in [1.5,2.5] by
* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s)
* for example,
* lgamma(7.3) = log(6.3) + lgamma(6.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3) + lgamma(5.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3*4.3*3.3*2.3) + lgamma(2.3)
* 2. Polynomial approximation of lgamma around its
* minimun ymin=1.461632144968362245 to maintain monotonicity.
* On [ymin-0.23, ymin+0.27] (i.e., [1.23164,1.73163]), use
* Let z = x-ymin;
* lgamma(x) = -1.214862905358496078218 + z^2*poly(z)
* where
* poly(z) is a 14 degree polynomial.
* 2. Rational approximation in the primary interval [2,3]
* We use the following approximation:
* s = x-2.0;
* lgamma(x) = 0.5*s + s*P(s)/Q(s)
* with accuracy
* |P/Q - (lgamma(x)-0.5s)| < 2**-61.71
* Our algorithms are based on the following observation
*
* zeta(2)-1 2 zeta(3)-1 3
* lgamma(2+s) = s*(1-Euler) + --------- * s - --------- * s + ...
* 2 3
*
* where Euler = 0.5771... is the Euler constant, which is very
* close to 0.5.
*
* 3. For x>=8, we have
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)log(x)-x+0.5*log(2pi)+1/(12x)-1/(360x**3)+....
* (better formula:
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)*(log(x)-1)-.5*(log(2pi)-1) + ...)
* Let z = 1/x, then we approximation
* f(z) = lgamma(x) - (x-0.5)(log(x)-1)
* by
* 3 5 11
* w = w0 + w1*z + w2*z + w3*z + ... + w6*z
* where
* |w - f(z)| < 2**-58.74
*
* 4. For negative x, since (G is gamma function)
* -x*G(-x)*G(x) = pi/sin(pi*x),
* we have
* G(x) = pi/(sin(pi*x)*(-x)*G(-x))
* since G(-x) is positive, sign(G(x)) = sign(sin(pi*x)) for x<0
* Hence, for x<0, signgam = sign(sin(pi*x)) and
* lgamma(x) = log(|Gamma(x)|)
* = log(pi/(|x*sin(pi*x)|)) - lgamma(-x);
* Note: one should avoid compute pi*(-x) directly in the
* computation of sin(pi*(-x)).
*
* 5. Special Cases
* lgamma(2+s) ~ s*(1-Euler) for tiny s
* lgamma(1)=lgamma(2)=0
* lgamma(x) ~ -log(x) for tiny x
* lgamma(0) = lgamma(inf) = inf
* lgamma(-integer) = +-inf
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
two52= 4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0x43300000, 0x00000000 */
half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
a0 = 7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0x3FB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
a1 = 3.22467033424113591611e-01, /* 0x3FD4A34C, 0xC4A60FAD */
a2 = 6.73523010531292681824e-02, /* 0x3FB13E00, 0x1A5562A7 */
a3 = 2.05808084325167332806e-02, /* 0x3F951322, 0xAC92547B */
a4 = 7.38555086081402883957e-03, /* 0x3F7E404F, 0xB68FEFE8 */
a5 = 2.89051383673415629091e-03, /* 0x3F67ADD8, 0xCCB7926B */
a6 = 1.19270763183362067845e-03, /* 0x3F538A94, 0x116F3F5D */
a7 = 5.10069792153511336608e-04, /* 0x3F40B6C6, 0x89B99C00 */
a8 = 2.20862790713908385557e-04, /* 0x3F2CF2EC, 0xED10E54D */
a9 = 1.08011567247583939954e-04, /* 0x3F1C5088, 0x987DFB07 */
a10 = 2.52144565451257326939e-05, /* 0x3EFA7074, 0x428CFA52 */
a11 = 4.48640949618915160150e-05, /* 0x3F07858E, 0x90A45837 */
tc = 1.46163214496836224576e+00, /* 0x3FF762D8, 0x6356BE3F */
tf = -1.21486290535849611461e-01, /* 0xBFBF19B9, 0xBCC38A42 */
/* tt = -(tail of tf) */
tt = -3.63867699703950536541e-18, /* 0xBC50C7CA, 0xA48A971F */
t0 = 4.83836122723810047042e-01, /* 0x3FDEF72B, 0xC8EE38A2 */
t1 = -1.47587722994593911752e-01, /* 0xBFC2E427, 0x8DC6C509 */
t2 = 6.46249402391333854778e-02, /* 0x3FB08B42, 0x94D5419B */
t3 = -3.27885410759859649565e-02, /* 0xBFA0C9A8, 0xDF35B713 */
t4 = 1.79706750811820387126e-02, /* 0x3F9266E7, 0x970AF9EC */
t5 = -1.03142241298341437450e-02, /* 0xBF851F9F, 0xBA91EC6A */
t6 = 6.10053870246291332635e-03, /* 0x3F78FCE0, 0xE370E344 */
t7 = -3.68452016781138256760e-03, /* 0xBF6E2EFF, 0xB3E914D7 */
t8 = 2.25964780900612472250e-03, /* 0x3F6282D3, 0x2E15C915 */
t9 = -1.40346469989232843813e-03, /* 0xBF56FE8E, 0xBF2D1AF1 */
t10 = 8.81081882437654011382e-04, /* 0x3F4CDF0C, 0xEF61A8E9 */
t11 = -5.38595305356740546715e-04, /* 0xBF41A610, 0x9C73E0EC */
t12 = 3.15632070903625950361e-04, /* 0x3F34AF6D, 0x6C0EBBF7 */
t13 = -3.12754168375120860518e-04, /* 0xBF347F24, 0xECC38C38 */
t14 = 3.35529192635519073543e-04, /* 0x3F35FD3E, 0xE8C2D3F4 */
u0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
u1 = 6.32827064025093366517e-01, /* 0x3FE4401E, 0x8B005DFF */
u2 = 1.45492250137234768737e+00, /* 0x3FF7475C, 0xD119BD6F */
u3 = 9.77717527963372745603e-01, /* 0x3FEF4976, 0x44EA8450 */
u4 = 2.28963728064692451092e-01, /* 0x3FCD4EAE, 0xF6010924 */
u5 = 1.33810918536787660377e-02, /* 0x3F8B678B, 0xBF2BAB09 */
v1 = 2.45597793713041134822e+00, /* 0x4003A5D7, 0xC2BD619C */
v2 = 2.12848976379893395361e+00, /* 0x40010725, 0xA42B18F5 */
v3 = 7.69285150456672783825e-01, /* 0x3FE89DFB, 0xE45050AF */
v4 = 1.04222645593369134254e-01, /* 0x3FBAAE55, 0xD6537C88 */
v5 = 3.21709242282423911810e-03, /* 0x3F6A5ABB, 0x57D0CF61 */
s0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
s1 = 2.14982415960608852501e-01, /* 0x3FCB848B, 0x36E20878 */
s2 = 3.25778796408930981787e-01, /* 0x3FD4D98F, 0x4F139F59 */
s3 = 1.46350472652464452805e-01, /* 0x3FC2BB9C, 0xBEE5F2F7 */
s4 = 2.66422703033638609560e-02, /* 0x3F9B481C, 0x7E939961 */
s5 = 1.84028451407337715652e-03, /* 0x3F5E26B6, 0x7368F239 */
s6 = 3.19475326584100867617e-05, /* 0x3F00BFEC, 0xDD17E945 */
r1 = 1.39200533467621045958e+00, /* 0x3FF645A7, 0x62C4AB74 */
r2 = 7.21935547567138069525e-01, /* 0x3FE71A18, 0x93D3DCDC */
r3 = 1.71933865632803078993e-01, /* 0x3FC601ED, 0xCCFBDF27 */
r4 = 1.86459191715652901344e-02, /* 0x3F9317EA, 0x742ED475 */
r5 = 7.77942496381893596434e-04, /* 0x3F497DDA, 0xCA41A95B */
r6 = 7.32668430744625636189e-06, /* 0x3EDEBAF7, 0xA5B38140 */
w0 = 4.18938533204672725052e-01, /* 0x3FDACFE3, 0x90C97D69 */
w1 = 8.33333333333329678849e-02, /* 0x3FB55555, 0x5555553B */
w2 = -2.77777777728775536470e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16B02E5C */
w3 = 7.93650558643019558500e-04, /* 0x3F4A019F, 0x98CF38B6 */
w4 = -5.95187557450339963135e-04, /* 0xBF4380CB, 0x8C0FE741 */
w5 = 8.36339918996282139126e-04, /* 0x3F4B67BA, 0x4CDAD5D1 */
w6 = -1.63092934096575273989e-03; /* 0xBF5AB89D, 0x0B9E43E4 */
static const double zero= 0.00000000000000000000e+00;
static double
sin_pi(double x)
{
double y,z;
int n,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix<0x3fd00000) return __kernel_sin(pi*x,zero,0);
y = -x; /* x is assume negative */
/*
* argument reduction, make sure inexact flag not raised if input
* is an integer
*/
z = floor(y);
if(z!=y) { /* inexact anyway */
y *= 0.5;
y = 2.0*(y - floor(y)); /* y = |x| mod 2.0 */
n = (int) (y*4.0);
} else {
if(ix>=0x43400000) {
y = zero; n = 0; /* y must be even */
} else {
if(ix<0x43300000) z = y+two52; /* exact */
GET_LOW_WORD(n,z);
n &= 1;
y = n;
n<<= 2;
}
}
switch (n) {
case 0: y = __kernel_sin(pi*y,zero,0); break;
case 1:
case 2: y = __kernel_cos(pi*(0.5-y),zero); break;
case 3:
case 4: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(one-y),zero,0); break;
case 5:
case 6: y = -__kernel_cos(pi*(y-1.5),zero); break;
default: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(y-2.0),zero,0); break;
}
return -y;
}
double
lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
{
double t,y,z,nadj,p,p1,p2,p3,q,r,w;
int i,hx,lx,ix;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
/* purge off +-inf, NaN, +-0, and negative arguments */
*signgamp = 1;
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
if((ix|lx)==0) {
if(hx<0)
*signgamp = -1;
return one/zero;
}
if(ix<0x3b900000) { /* |x|<2**-70, return -log(|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
*signgamp = -1;
return - log(-x);
} else return - log(x);
}
if(hx<0) {
if(ix>=0x43300000) /* |x|>=2**52, must be -integer */
return one/zero;
t = sin_pi(x);
if(t==zero) return one/zero; /* -integer */
nadj = log(pi/fabs(t*x));
if(t<zero) *signgamp = -1;
x = -x;
}
/* purge off 1 and 2 */
if((((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)||(((ix-0x40000000)|lx)==0)) r = 0;
/* for x < 2.0 */
else if(ix<0x40000000) {
if(ix<=0x3feccccc) { /* lgamma(x) = lgamma(x+1)-log(x) */
r = - log(x);
if(ix>=0x3FE76944) {y = one-x; i= 0;}
else if(ix>=0x3FCDA661) {y= x-(tc-one); i=1;}
else {y = x; i=2;}
} else {
r = zero;
if(ix>=0x3FFBB4C3) {y=2.0-x;i=0;} /* [1.7316,2] */
else if(ix>=0x3FF3B4C4) {y=x-tc;i=1;} /* [1.23,1.73] */
else {y=x-one;i=2;}
}
switch(i) {
case 0:
z = y*y;
p1 = a0+z*(a2+z*(a4+z*(a6+z*(a8+z*a10))));
p2 = z*(a1+z*(a3+z*(a5+z*(a7+z*(a9+z*a11)))));
p = y*p1+p2;
r += (p-0.5*y); break;
case 1:
z = y*y;
w = z*y;
p1 = t0+w*(t3+w*(t6+w*(t9 +w*t12))); /* parallel comp */
p2 = t1+w*(t4+w*(t7+w*(t10+w*t13)));
p3 = t2+w*(t5+w*(t8+w*(t11+w*t14)));
p = z*p1-(tt-w*(p2+y*p3));
r += (tf + p); break;
case 2:
p1 = y*(u0+y*(u1+y*(u2+y*(u3+y*(u4+y*u5)))));
p2 = one+y*(v1+y*(v2+y*(v3+y*(v4+y*v5))));
r += (-0.5*y + p1/p2);
}
}
else if(ix<0x40200000) { /* x < 8.0 */
i = (int)x;
t = zero;
y = x-(double)i;
p = y*(s0+y*(s1+y*(s2+y*(s3+y*(s4+y*(s5+y*s6))))));
q = one+y*(r1+y*(r2+y*(r3+y*(r4+y*(r5+y*r6)))));
r = half*y+p/q;
z = one; /* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s) */
switch(i) {
case 7: z *= (y+6.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 6: z *= (y+5.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 5: z *= (y+4.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 4: z *= (y+3.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 3: z *= (y+2.0); /* FALLTHRU */
r += log(z); break;
}
/* 8.0 <= x < 2**58 */
} else if (ix < 0x43900000) {
t = log(x);
z = one/x;
y = z*z;
w = w0+z*(w1+y*(w2+y*(w3+y*(w4+y*(w5+y*w6)))));
r = (x-half)*(t-one)+w;
} else
/* 2**58 <= x <= inf */
r = x*(log(x)-one);
if(hx<0) r = nadj - r;
return r;
}

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/* @(#)e_log.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* log(x)
* Return the logarithm of x
*
* Method :
* 1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
* x = 2^k * (1+f),
* where sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
*
* 2. Approximation of log(1+f).
* Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
* = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
* = 2s + s*R
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
* other words,
* 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
* R(z) ~ Lg1*s +Lg2*s +Lg3*s +Lg4*s +Lg5*s +Lg6*s +Lg7*s
* (the values of Lg1 to Lg7 are listed in the program)
* and
* | 2 14 | -58.45
* | Lg1*s +...+Lg7*s - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
* In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
* by
* log(1+f) = f - s*(f - R) (if f is not too large)
* log(1+f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)). (better accuracy)
*
* 3. Finally, log(x) = k*ln2 + log(1+f).
* = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
* Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
* ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
* where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
*
* Special cases:
* log(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0 (including -INF) ;
* log(+INF) is +INF; log(0) is -INF with signal;
* log(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 3fe62e42 fee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 3dea39ef 35793c76 */
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 43500000 00000000 */
Lg1 = 6.666666666666735130e-01, /* 3FE55555 55555593 */
Lg2 = 3.999999999940941908e-01, /* 3FD99999 9997FA04 */
Lg3 = 2.857142874366239149e-01, /* 3FD24924 94229359 */
Lg4 = 2.222219843214978396e-01, /* 3FCC71C5 1D8E78AF */
Lg5 = 1.818357216161805012e-01, /* 3FC74664 96CB03DE */
Lg6 = 1.531383769920937332e-01, /* 3FC39A09 D078C69F */
Lg7 = 1.479819860511658591e-01; /* 3FC2F112 DF3E5244 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
log(double x)
{
double hfsq,f,s,z,R,w,t1,t2,dk;
int32_t k,hx,i,j;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
hx &= 0x000fffff;
i = (hx+0x95f64)&0x100000;
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx|(i^0x3ff00000)); /* normalize x or x/2 */
k += (i>>20);
f = x-1.0;
if((0x000fffff&(2+hx))<3) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi+dk*ln2_lo;}
R = f*f*(0.5-0.33333333333333333*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi-((R-dk*ln2_lo)-f);}
}
s = f/(2.0+f);
dk = (double)k;
z = s*s;
i = hx-0x6147a;
w = z*z;
j = 0x6b851-hx;
t1= w*(Lg2+w*(Lg4+w*Lg6));
t2= z*(Lg1+w*(Lg3+w*(Lg5+w*Lg7)));
i |= j;
R = t2+t1;
if(i>0) {
hfsq=0.5*f*f;
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+dk*ln2_lo))-f);
} else {
if(k==0) return f-s*(f-R); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((s*(f-R)-dk*ln2_lo)-f);
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(logl, log);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)e_log10.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* log10(x)
* Return the base 10 logarithm of x
*
* Method :
* Let log10_2hi = leading 40 bits of log10(2) and
* log10_2lo = log10(2) - log10_2hi,
* ivln10 = 1/log(10) rounded.
* Then
* n = ilogb(x),
* if(n<0) n = n+1;
* x = scalbn(x,-n);
* log10(x) := n*log10_2hi + (n*log10_2lo + ivln10*log(x))
*
* Note 1:
* To guarantee log10(10**n)=n, where 10**n is normal, the rounding
* mode must set to Round-to-Nearest.
* Note 2:
* [1/log(10)] rounded to 53 bits has error .198 ulps;
* log10 is monotonic at all binary break points.
*
* Special cases:
* log10(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0;
* log10(+INF) is +INF with no signal; log10(0) is -INF with signal;
* log10(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* log10(10**N) = N for N=0,1,...,22.
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
ivln10 = 4.34294481903251816668e-01, /* 0x3FDBCB7B, 0x1526E50E */
log10_2hi = 3.01029995663611771306e-01, /* 0x3FD34413, 0x509F6000 */
log10_2lo = 3.69423907715893078616e-13; /* 0x3D59FEF3, 0x11F12B36 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
log10(double x)
{
double y,z;
int32_t i,k,hx;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
i = ((u_int32_t)k&0x80000000)>>31;
hx = (hx&0x000fffff)|((0x3ff-i)<<20);
y = (double)(k+i);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx);
z = y*log10_2lo + ivln10*log(x);
return z+y*log10_2hi;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(log10l, log10);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)e_pow.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* pow(x,y) return x**y
*
* n
* Method: Let x = 2 * (1+f)
* 1. Compute and return log2(x) in two pieces:
* log2(x) = w1 + w2,
* where w1 has 53-24 = 29 bit trailing zeros.
* 2. Perform y*log2(x) = n+y' by simulating multi-precision
* arithmetic, where |y'|<=0.5.
* 3. Return x**y = 2**n*exp(y'*log2)
*
* Special cases:
* 1. (anything) ** 0 is 1
* 2. (anything) ** 1 is itself
* 3. (anything except 1) ** NAN is NAN
* 4. NAN ** (anything except 0) is NAN
* 5. +-(|x| > 1) ** +INF is +INF
* 6. +-(|x| > 1) ** -INF is +0
* 7. +-(|x| < 1) ** +INF is +0
* 8. +-(|x| < 1) ** -INF is +INF
* 9. +-1 ** +-INF is 1
* 10. +0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN) is +0
* 11. -0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +0
* 12. +0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN) is +INF
* 13. -0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +INF
* 14. -0 ** (odd integer) = -( +0 ** (odd integer) )
* 15. +INF ** (+anything except 0,NAN) is +INF
* 16. +INF ** (-anything except 0,NAN) is +0
* 17. -INF ** (anything) = -0 ** (-anything)
* 18. (-anything) ** (integer) is (-1)**(integer)*(+anything**integer)
* 19. (-anything except 0 and inf) ** (non-integer) is NAN
*
* Accuracy:
* pow(x,y) returns x**y nearly rounded. In particular
* pow(integer,integer)
* always returns the correct integer provided it is
* representable.
*
* Constants :
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
bp[] = {1.0, 1.5,},
dp_h[] = { 0.0, 5.84962487220764160156e-01,}, /* 0x3FE2B803, 0x40000000 */
dp_l[] = { 0.0, 1.35003920212974897128e-08,}, /* 0x3E4CFDEB, 0x43CFD006 */
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two = 2.0,
two53 = 9007199254740992.0, /* 0x43400000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.0e300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
/* poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3 */
L1 = 5.99999999999994648725e-01, /* 0x3FE33333, 0x33333303 */
L2 = 4.28571428578550184252e-01, /* 0x3FDB6DB6, 0xDB6FABFF */
L3 = 3.33333329818377432918e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x518F264D */
L4 = 2.72728123808534006489e-01, /* 0x3FD17460, 0xA91D4101 */
L5 = 2.30660745775561754067e-01, /* 0x3FCD864A, 0x93C9DB65 */
L6 = 2.06975017800338417784e-01, /* 0x3FCA7E28, 0x4A454EEF */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08, /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
lg2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
lg2_h = 6.93147182464599609375e-01, /* 0x3FE62E43, 0x00000000 */
lg2_l = -1.90465429995776804525e-09, /* 0xBE205C61, 0x0CA86C39 */
ovt = 8.0085662595372944372e-0017, /* -(1024-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
cp = 9.61796693925975554329e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xDC3A03FD =2/(3ln2) */
cp_h = 9.61796700954437255859e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xE0000000 =(float)cp */
cp_l = -7.02846165095275826516e-09, /* 0xBE3E2FE0, 0x145B01F5 =tail of cp_h*/
ivln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x652B82FE =1/ln2 */
ivln2_h = 1.44269502162933349609e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x60000000 =24b 1/ln2*/
ivln2_l = 1.92596299112661746887e-08; /* 0x3E54AE0B, 0xF85DDF44 =1/ln2 tail*/
double
pow(double x, double y)
{
double z,ax,z_h,z_l,p_h,p_l;
double yy1,t1,t2,r,s,t,u,v,w;
int32_t i,j,k,yisint,n;
int32_t hx,hy,ix,iy;
u_int32_t lx,ly;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
EXTRACT_WORDS(hy,ly,y);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff; iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
/* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
if((iy|ly)==0) return one;
/* x==1: 1**y = 1, even if y is NaN */
if (hx==0x3ff00000 && lx == 0) return one;
/* +-NaN return x+y */
if(ix > 0x7ff00000 || ((ix==0x7ff00000)&&(lx!=0)) ||
iy > 0x7ff00000 || ((iy==0x7ff00000)&&(ly!=0)))
return x+y;
/* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
* yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
*/
yisint = 0;
if(hx<0) {
if(iy>=0x43400000) yisint = 2; /* even integer y */
else if(iy>=0x3ff00000) {
k = (iy>>20)-0x3ff; /* exponent */
if(k>20) {
j = ly>>(52-k);
if((j<<(52-k))==ly) yisint = 2-(j&1);
} else if(ly==0) {
j = iy>>(20-k);
if((j<<(20-k))==iy) yisint = 2-(j&1);
}
}
}
/* special value of y */
if(ly==0) {
if (iy==0x7ff00000) { /* y is +-inf */
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
return one; /* (-1)**+-inf is 1 */
else if (ix >= 0x3ff00000)/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
return (hy>=0)? y: zero;
else /* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
return (hy<0)?-y: zero;
}
if(iy==0x3ff00000) { /* y is +-1 */
if(hy<0) return one/x; else return x;
}
if(hy==0x40000000) return x*x; /* y is 2 */
if(hy==0x3fe00000) { /* y is 0.5 */
if(hx>=0) /* x >= +0 */
return sqrt(x);
}
}
ax = fabs(x);
/* special value of x */
if(lx==0) {
if(ix==0x7ff00000||ix==0||ix==0x3ff00000){
z = ax; /*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1*/
if(hy<0) z = one/z; /* z = (1/|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|yisint)==0) {
z = (z-z)/(z-z); /* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if(yisint==1)
z = -z; /* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
return z;
}
}
n = (hx>>31)+1;
/* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
if((n|yisint)==0) return (x-x)/(x-x);
s = one; /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
if((n|(yisint-1))==0) s = -one;/* (-ve)**(odd int) */
/* |y| is huge */
if(iy>0x41e00000) { /* if |y| > 2**31 */
if(iy>0x43f00000){ /* if |y| > 2**64, must o/uflow */
if(ix<=0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
}
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if(ix<0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
if(ix>0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
/* now |1-x| is tiny <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
t = ax-one; /* t has 20 trailing zeros */
w = (t*t)*(0.5-t*(0.3333333333333333333333-t*0.25));
u = ivln2_h*t; /* ivln2_h has 21 sig. bits */
v = t*ivln2_l-w*ivln2;
t1 = u+v;
SET_LOW_WORD(t1,0);
t2 = v-(t1-u);
} else {
double ss,s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
n = 0;
/* take care subnormal number */
if(ix<0x00100000)
{ax *= two53; n -= 53; GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,ax); }
n += ((ix)>>20)-0x3ff;
j = ix&0x000fffff;
/* determine interval */
ix = j|0x3ff00000; /* normalize ix */
if(j<=0x3988E) k=0; /* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
else if(j<0xBB67A) k=1; /* |x|<sqrt(3) */
else {k=0;n+=1;ix -= 0x00100000;}
SET_HIGH_WORD(ax,ix);
/* compute ss = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
u = ax-bp[k]; /* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
v = one/(ax+bp[k]);
ss = u*v;
s_h = ss;
SET_LOW_WORD(s_h,0);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
t_h = zero;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t_h,((ix>>1)|0x20000000)+0x00080000+(k<<18));
t_l = ax - (t_h-bp[k]);
s_l = v*((u-s_h*t_h)-s_h*t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
s2 = ss*ss;
r = s2*s2*(L1+s2*(L2+s2*(L3+s2*(L4+s2*(L5+s2*L6)))));
r += s_l*(s_h+ss);
s2 = s_h*s_h;
t_h = 3.0+s2+r;
SET_LOW_WORD(t_h,0);
t_l = r-((t_h-3.0)-s2);
/* u+v = ss*(1+...) */
u = s_h*t_h;
v = s_l*t_h+t_l*ss;
/* 2/(3log2)*(ss+...) */
p_h = u+v;
SET_LOW_WORD(p_h,0);
p_l = v-(p_h-u);
z_h = cp_h*p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
z_l = cp_l*p_h+p_l*cp+dp_l[k];
/* log2(ax) = (ss+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
t = (double)n;
t1 = (((z_h+z_l)+dp_h[k])+t);
SET_LOW_WORD(t1,0);
t2 = z_l-(((t1-t)-dp_h[k])-z_h);
}
/* split up y into yy1+y2 and compute (yy1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
yy1 = y;
SET_LOW_WORD(yy1,0);
p_l = (y-yy1)*t1+y*t2;
p_h = yy1*t1;
z = p_l+p_h;
EXTRACT_WORDS(j,i,z);
if (j>=0x40900000) { /* z >= 1024 */
if(((j-0x40900000)|i)!=0) /* if z > 1024 */
return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
else {
if(p_l+ovt>z-p_h) return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
} else if((j&0x7fffffff)>=0x4090cc00 ) { /* z <= -1075 */
if(((j-0xc090cc00)|i)!=0) /* z < -1075 */
return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
else {
if(p_l<=z-p_h) return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
}
}
/*
* compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
*/
i = j&0x7fffffff;
k = (i>>20)-0x3ff;
n = 0;
if(i>0x3fe00000) { /* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
n = j+(0x00100000>>(k+1));
k = ((n&0x7fffffff)>>20)-0x3ff; /* new k for n */
t = zero;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,n&~(0x000fffff>>k));
n = ((n&0x000fffff)|0x00100000)>>(20-k);
if(j<0) n = -n;
p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l+p_h;
SET_LOW_WORD(t,0);
u = t*lg2_h;
v = (p_l-(t-p_h))*lg2+t*lg2_l;
z = u+v;
w = v-(z-u);
t = z*z;
t1 = z - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
r = (z*t1)/(t1-two)-(w+z*w);
z = one-(r-z);
GET_HIGH_WORD(j,z);
j += (n<<20);
if((j>>20)<=0) z = scalbn(z,n); /* subnormal output */
else SET_HIGH_WORD(z,j);
return s*z;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(powl, pow);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)e_rem_pio2.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y)
*
* return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in y[0]+y[1]
* use __kernel_rem_pio2()
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const int32_t npio2_hw[] = {
0x3FF921FB, 0x400921FB, 0x4012D97C, 0x401921FB, 0x401F6A7A, 0x4022D97C,
0x4025FDBB, 0x402921FB, 0x402C463A, 0x402F6A7A, 0x4031475C, 0x4032D97C,
0x40346B9C, 0x4035FDBB, 0x40378FDB, 0x403921FB, 0x403AB41B, 0x403C463A,
0x403DD85A, 0x403F6A7A, 0x40407E4C, 0x4041475C, 0x4042106C, 0x4042D97C,
0x4043A28C, 0x40446B9C, 0x404534AC, 0x4045FDBB, 0x4046C6CB, 0x40478FDB,
0x404858EB, 0x404921FB,
};
/*
* invpio2: 53 bits of 2/pi
* pio2_1: first 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_1t: pi/2 - pio2_1
* pio2_2: second 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_2t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2)
* pio2_3: third 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_3t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2+pio2_3)
*/
static const double
zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
invpio2 = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
pio2_1 = 1.57079632673412561417e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54400000 */
pio2_1t = 6.07710050650619224932e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A626331 */
pio2_2 = 6.07710050630396597660e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A600000 */
pio2_2t = 2.02226624879595063154e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E037073 */
pio2_3 = 2.02226624871116645580e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E000000 */
pio2_3t = 8.47842766036889956997e-32; /* 0x397B839A, 0x252049C1 */
int32_t
__ieee754_rem_pio2(double x, double *y)
{
double z,w,t,r,fn;
double tx[3];
int32_t e0,i,j,nx,n,ix,hx;
u_int32_t low;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x); /* high word of x */
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix<=0x3fe921fb) /* |x| ~<= pi/4 , no need for reduction */
{y[0] = x; y[1] = 0; return 0;}
if(ix<0x4002d97c) { /* |x| < 3pi/4, special case with n=+-1 */
if(hx>0) {
z = x - pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z - pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z -= pio2_2;
y[0] = z - pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_2t;
}
return 1;
} else { /* negative x */
z = x + pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z + pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z += pio2_2;
y[0] = z + pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_2t;
}
return -1;
}
}
if(ix<=0x413921fb) { /* |x| ~<= 2^19*(pi/2), medium size */
t = fabs(x);
n = (int32_t) (t*invpio2+half);
fn = (double)n;
r = t-fn*pio2_1;
w = fn*pio2_1t; /* 1st round good to 85 bit */
if(n<32&&ix!=npio2_hw[n-1]) {
y[0] = r-w; /* quick check no cancellation */
} else {
u_int32_t high;
j = ix>>20;
y[0] = r-w;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y[0]);
i = j-((high>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>16) { /* 2nd iteration needed, good to 118 */
t = r;
w = fn*pio2_2;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_2t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y[0]);
i = j-((high>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>49) { /* 3rd iteration need, 151 bits acc */
t = r; /* will cover all possible cases */
w = fn*pio2_3;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_3t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
}
}
}
y[1] = (r-y[0])-w;
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
else return n;
}
/*
* all other (large) arguments
*/
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf or NaN */
y[0]=y[1]=x-x; return 0;
}
/* set z = scalbn(|x|,ilogb(x)-23) */
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
SET_LOW_WORD(z,low);
e0 = (ix>>20)-1046; /* e0 = ilogb(z)-23; */
SET_HIGH_WORD(z, ix - ((int32_t)(e0<<20)));
for(i=0;i<2;i++) {
tx[i] = (double)((int32_t)(z));
z = (z-tx[i])*two24;
}
tx[2] = z;
nx = 3;
while(tx[nx-1]==zero) nx--; /* skip zero term */
n = __kernel_rem_pio2(tx,y,e0,nx,2);
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
return n;
}

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/* @(#)e_sinh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sinh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically sinh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)-exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (sinh(-x) = -sinh(x)).
* 2.
* E + E/(E+1)
* 0 <= x <= 22 : sinh(x) := --------------, E=expm1(x)
* 2
*
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : sinh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: sinh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : sinh(x) := x*shuge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* sinh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only sinh(0)=0 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, shuge = 1.0e307;
double
sinh(double x)
{
double t,w,h;
int32_t ix,jx;
u_int32_t lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(jx,x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x;
h = 0.5;
if (jx<0) h = -h;
/* |x| in [0,22], return sign(x)*0.5*(E+E/(E+1))) */
if (ix < 0x40360000) { /* |x|<22 */
if (ix<0x3e300000) /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(shuge+x>one) return x;/* sinh(tiny) = tiny with inexact */
t = expm1(fabs(x));
if(ix<0x3ff00000) return h*(2.0*t-t*t/(t+one));
return h*(t+t/(t+one));
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return 0.5*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return h*exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if (ix<0x408633CE || ((ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(u_int32_t)0x8fb9f87d))) {
w = exp(0.5*fabs(x));
t = h*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, sinh(x) overflow */
return x*shuge;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(sinhl, sinh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)e_sqrt.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sqrt(x)
* Return correctly rounded sqrt.
* ------------------------------------------
* | Use the hardware sqrt if you have one |
* ------------------------------------------
* Method:
* Bit by bit method using integer arithmetic. (Slow, but portable)
* 1. Normalization
* Scale x to y in [1,4) with even powers of 2:
* find an integer k such that 1 <= (y=x*2^(2k)) < 4, then
* sqrt(x) = 2^k * sqrt(y)
* 2. Bit by bit computation
* Let q = sqrt(y) truncated to i bit after binary point (q = 1),
* i 0
* i+1 2
* s = 2*q , and y = 2 * ( y - q ). (1)
* i i i i
*
* To compute q from q , one checks whether
* i+1 i
*
* -(i+1) 2
* (q + 2 ) <= y. (2)
* i
* -(i+1)
* If (2) is false, then q = q ; otherwise q = q + 2 .
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* With some algebric manipulation, it is not difficult to see
* that (2) is equivalent to
* -(i+1)
* s + 2 <= y (3)
* i i
*
* The advantage of (3) is that s and y can be computed by
* i i
* the following recurrence formula:
* if (3) is false
*
* s = s , y = y ; (4)
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* otherwise,
* -i -(i+1)
* s = s + 2 , y = y - s - 2 (5)
* i+1 i i+1 i i
*
* One may easily use induction to prove (4) and (5).
* Note. Since the left hand side of (3) contain only i+2 bits,
* it does not necessary to do a full (53-bit) comparison
* in (3).
* 3. Final rounding
* After generating the 53 bits result, we compute one more bit.
* Together with the remainder, we can decide whether the
* result is exact, bigger than 1/2ulp, or less than 1/2ulp
* (it will never equal to 1/2ulp).
* The rounding mode can be detected by checking whether
* huge + tiny is equal to huge, and whether huge - tiny is
* equal to huge for some floating point number "huge" and "tiny".
*
* Special cases:
* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 ... exact
* sqrt(inf) = inf
* sqrt(-ve) = NaN ... with invalid signal
* sqrt(NaN) = NaN ... with invalid signal for signaling NaN
*
* Other methods : see the appended file at the end of the program below.
*---------------
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, tiny=1.0e-300;
double
sqrt(double x)
{
double z;
int32_t sign = (int)0x80000000;
int32_t ix0,s0,q,m,t,i;
u_int32_t r,t1,s1,ix1,q1;
EXTRACT_WORDS(ix0,ix1,x);
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if((ix0&0x7ff00000)==0x7ff00000) {
return x*x+x; /* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf
sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if(ix0<=0) {
if(((ix0&(~sign))|ix1)==0) return x;/* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 */
else if(ix0<0)
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
/* normalize x */
m = (ix0>>20);
if(m==0) { /* subnormal x */
while(ix0==0) {
m -= 21;
ix0 |= (ix1>>11); ix1 <<= 21;
}
for(i=0;(ix0&0x00100000)==0;i++) ix0<<=1;
m -= i-1;
ix0 |= (ix1>>(32-i));
ix1 <<= i;
}
m -= 1023; /* unbias exponent */
ix0 = (ix0&0x000fffff)|0x00100000;
if(m&1){ /* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
}
m >>= 1; /* m = [m/2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
q = q1 = s0 = s1 = 0; /* [q,q1] = sqrt(x) */
r = 0x00200000; /* r = moving bit from right to left */
while(r!=0) {
t = s0+r;
if(t<=ix0) {
s0 = t+r;
ix0 -= t;
q += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
r = sign;
while(r!=0) {
t1 = s1+r;
t = s0;
if((t<ix0)||((t==ix0)&&(t1<=ix1))) {
s1 = t1+r;
if(((t1&sign)==sign)&&(s1&sign)==0) s0 += 1;
ix0 -= t;
if (ix1 < t1) ix0 -= 1;
ix1 -= t1;
q1 += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if((ix0|ix1)!=0) {
z = one-tiny; /* trigger inexact flag */
if (z>=one) {
z = one+tiny;
if (q1==(u_int32_t)0xffffffff) { q1=0; q += 1;}
else if (z>one) {
if (q1==(u_int32_t)0xfffffffe) q+=1;
q1+=2;
} else
q1 += (q1&1);
}
}
ix0 = (q>>1)+0x3fe00000;
ix1 = q1>>1;
if ((q&1)==1) ix1 |= sign;
ix0 += (m <<20);
INSERT_WORDS(z,ix0,ix1);
return z;
}
/*
Other methods (use floating-point arithmetic)
-------------
(This is a copy of a drafted paper by Prof W. Kahan
and K.C. Ng, written in May, 1986)
Two algorithms are given here to implement sqrt(x)
(IEEE double precision arithmetic) in software.
Both supply sqrt(x) correctly rounded. The first algorithm (in
Section A) uses newton iterations and involves four divisions.
The second one uses reciproot iterations to avoid division, but
requires more multiplications. Both algorithms need the ability
to chop results of arithmetic operations instead of round them,
and the INEXACT flag to indicate when an arithmetic operation
is executed exactly with no roundoff error, all part of the
standard (IEEE 754-1985). The ability to perform shift, add,
subtract and logical AND operations upon 32-bit words is needed
too, though not part of the standard.
A. sqrt(x) by Newton Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
1 11 52 ...widths
------------------------------------------------------
x: |s| e | f |
------------------------------------------------------
msb lsb msb lsb ...order
------------------------ ------------------------
x0: |s| e | f1 | x1: | f2 |
------------------------ ------------------------
By performing shifts and subtracts on x0 and x1 (both regarded
as integers), we obtain an 8-bit approximation of sqrt(x) as
follows.
k := (x0>>1) + 0x1ff80000;
y0 := k - T1[31&(k>>15)]. ... y ~ sqrt(x) to 8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T1[] is an integer array containing
correction terms. Now magically the floating value of y (y's
leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of its trailing word is 0)
approximates sqrt(x) to almost 8-bit.
Value of T1:
static int T1[32]= {
0, 1024, 3062, 5746, 9193, 13348, 18162, 23592,
29598, 36145, 43202, 50740, 58733, 67158, 75992, 85215,
83599, 71378, 60428, 50647, 41945, 34246, 27478, 21581,
16499, 12183, 8588, 5674, 3403, 1742, 661, 130,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Heron's rule three times to y, we have y approximates
sqrt(x) to within 1 ulp (Unit in the Last Place):
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 17 sig. bits
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 35 sig. bits
y := y-(y-x/y)/2 ... within 1 ulp
Remark 1.
Another way to improve y to within 1 ulp is:
y := (y+x/y) ... almost 17 sig. bits to 2*sqrt(x)
y := y - 0x00100006 ... almost 18 sig. bits to sqrt(x)
2
(x-y )*y
y := y + 2* ---------- ...within 1 ulp
2
3y + x
This formula has one division fewer than the one above; however,
it requires more multiplications and additions. Also x must be
scaled in advance to avoid spurious overflow in evaluating the
expression 3y*y+x. Hence it is not recommended uless division
is slow. If division is very slow, then one should use the
reciproot algorithm given in section B.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
I := FALSE; ... reset INEXACT flag I
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
z := x/y; ... chopped quotient, possibly inexact
If(not I) then { ... if the quotient is exact
if(z=y) {
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
} else {
z := z - ulp; ... special rounding
}
}
i := TRUE; ... sqrt(x) is inexact
If (r=RN) then z=z+ulp ... rounded-to-nearest
If (r=RP) then { ... round-toward-+inf
y = y+ulp; z=z+ulp;
}
y := y+z; ... chopped sum
y0:=y0-0x00100000; ... y := y/2 is correctly rounded.
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
(4) Special cases
Square root of +inf, +-0, or NaN is itself;
Square root of a negative number is NaN with invalid signal.
B. sqrt(x) by Reciproot Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
(see section A). By performing shifs and subtracts on x0 and y0,
we obtain a 7.8-bit approximation of 1/sqrt(x) as follows.
k := 0x5fe80000 - (x0>>1);
y0:= k - T2[63&(k>>14)]. ... y ~ 1/sqrt(x) to 7.8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T2[] is an integer array
containing correction terms. Now magically the floating
value of y (y's leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of
its trailing word y1 is set to zero) approximates 1/sqrt(x)
to almost 7.8-bit.
Value of T2:
static int T2[64]= {
0x1500, 0x2ef8, 0x4d67, 0x6b02, 0x87be, 0xa395, 0xbe7a, 0xd866,
0xf14a, 0x1091b,0x11fcd,0x13552,0x14999,0x15c98,0x16e34,0x17e5f,
0x18d03,0x19a01,0x1a545,0x1ae8a,0x1b5c4,0x1bb01,0x1bfde,0x1c28d,
0x1c2de,0x1c0db,0x1ba73,0x1b11c,0x1a4b5,0x1953d,0x18266,0x16be0,
0x1683e,0x179d8,0x18a4d,0x19992,0x1a789,0x1b445,0x1bf61,0x1c989,
0x1d16d,0x1d77b,0x1dddf,0x1e2ad,0x1e5bf,0x1e6e8,0x1e654,0x1e3cd,
0x1df2a,0x1d635,0x1cb16,0x1be2c,0x1ae4e,0x19bde,0x1868e,0x16e2e,
0x1527f,0x1334a,0x11051,0xe951, 0xbe01, 0x8e0d, 0x5924, 0x1edd,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Reciproot iteration three times to y and multiply the
result by x to get an approximation z that matches sqrt(x)
to about 1 ulp. To be exact, we will have
-1ulp < sqrt(x)-z<1.0625ulp.
... set rounding mode to Round-to-nearest
y := y*(1.5-0.5*x*y*y) ... almost 15 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
y := y*((1.5-2^-30)+0.5*x*y*y)... about 29 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
... special arrangement for better accuracy
z := x*y ... 29 bits to sqrt(x), with z*y<1
z := z + 0.5*z*(1-z*y) ... about 1 ulp to sqrt(x)
Remark 2. The constant 1.5-2^-30 is chosen to bias the error so that
(a) the term z*y in the final iteration is always less than 1;
(b) the error in the final result is biased upward so that
-1 ulp < sqrt(x) - z < 1.0625 ulp
instead of |sqrt(x)-z|<1.03125ulp.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
switch(r) {
case RN: ... round-to-nearest
if(x<= z*(z-ulp)...chopped) z = z - ulp; else
if(x<= z*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z; else z = z+ulp;
break;
case RZ:case RM: ... round-to-zero or round-to--inf
R:=RP; ... reset rounding mod to round-to-+inf
if(x<z*z ... rounded up) z = z - ulp; else
if(x>=(z+ulp)*(z+ulp) ...rounded up) z = z+ulp;
break;
case RP: ... round-to-+inf
if(x>(z+ulp)*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z+2*ulp; else
if(x>z*z ...chopped) z = z+ulp;
break;
}
Remark 3. The above comparisons can be done in fixed point. For
example, to compare x and w=z*z chopped, it suffices to compare
x1 and w1 (the trailing parts of x and w), regarding them as
two's complement integers.
...Is z an exact square root?
To determine whether z is an exact square root of x, let z1 be the
trailing part of z, and also let x0 and x1 be the leading and
trailing parts of x.
If ((z1&0x03ffffff)!=0) ... not exact if trailing 26 bits of z!=0
I := 1; ... Raise Inexact flag: z is not exact
else {
j := 1 - [(x0>>20)&1] ... j = logb(x) mod 2
k := z1 >> 26; ... get z's 25-th and 26-th
fraction bits
I := i or (k&j) or ((k&(j+j+1))!=(x1&3));
}
R:= r ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=z.
If multiplication is cheaper then the foregoing red tape, the
Inexact flag can be evaluated by
I := i;
I := (z*z!=x) or I.
Note that z*z can overwrite I; this value must be sensed if it is
True.
Remark 4. If z*z = x exactly, then bit 25 to bit 0 of z1 must be
zero.
--------------------
z1: | f2 |
--------------------
bit 31 bit 0
Further more, bit 27 and 26 of z1, bit 0 and 1 of x1, and the odd
or even of logb(x) have the following relations:
-------------------------------------------------
bit 27,26 of z1 bit 1,0 of x1 logb(x)
-------------------------------------------------
00 00 odd and even
01 01 even
10 10 odd
10 00 even
11 01 even
-------------------------------------------------
(4) Special cases (see (4) of Section A).
*/
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(sqrtl, sqrt);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)k_cos.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __kernel_cos( x, y )
* kernel cos function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.785398164
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since cos(-x) = cos(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-27 (hx<0x3e400000 0), return 1 with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. cos(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 14 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 4 14
* cos(x) ~ 1 - x*x/2 + C1*x + ... + C6*x
* where the Remes error is
*
* | 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 | -58
* |cos(x)-(1-.5*x +C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x )| <= 2
* | |
*
* 4 6 8 10 12 14
* 4. let r = C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x , then
* cos(x) = 1 - x*x/2 + r
* since cos(x+y) ~ cos(x) - sin(x)*y
* ~ cos(x) - x*y,
* a correction term is necessary in cos(x) and hence
* cos(x+y) = 1 - (x*x/2 - (r - x*y))
* For better accuracy when x > 0.3, let qx = |x|/4 with
* the last 32 bits mask off, and if x > 0.78125, let qx = 0.28125.
* Then
* cos(x+y) = (1-qx) - ((x*x/2-qx) - (r-x*y)).
* Note that 1-qx and (x*x/2-qx) is EXACT here, and the
* magnitude of the latter is at least a quarter of x*x/2,
* thus, reducing the rounding error in the subtraction.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
C1 = 4.16666666666666019037e-02, /* 0x3FA55555, 0x5555554C */
C2 = -1.38888888888741095749e-03, /* 0xBF56C16C, 0x16C15177 */
C3 = 2.48015872894767294178e-05, /* 0x3EFA01A0, 0x19CB1590 */
C4 = -2.75573143513906633035e-07, /* 0xBE927E4F, 0x809C52AD */
C5 = 2.08757232129817482790e-09, /* 0x3E21EE9E, 0xBDB4B1C4 */
C6 = -1.13596475577881948265e-11; /* 0xBDA8FAE9, 0xBE8838D4 */
double
__kernel_cos(double x, double y)
{
double a,hz,z,r,qx;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff; /* ix = |x|'s high word*/
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if x < 2**27 */
if(((int)x)==0) return one; /* generate inexact */
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(C1+z*(C2+z*(C3+z*(C4+z*(C5+z*C6)))));
if(ix < 0x3FD33333) /* if |x| < 0.3 */
return one - (0.5*z - (z*r - x*y));
else {
if(ix > 0x3fe90000) { /* x > 0.78125 */
qx = 0.28125;
} else {
INSERT_WORDS(qx,ix-0x00200000,0); /* x/4 */
}
hz = 0.5*z-qx;
a = one-qx;
return a - (hz - (z*r-x*y));
}
}

434
liba/src/external/openbsd/k_rem_pio2.c vendored Normal file
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/* @(#)k_rem_pio2.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __kernel_rem_pio2(x,y,e0,nx,prec)
* double x[],y[]; int e0,nx,prec;
*
* __kernel_rem_pio2 return the last three digits of N with
* y = x - N*pi/2
* so that |y| < pi/2.
*
* The method is to compute the integer (mod 8) and fraction parts of
* (2/pi)*x without doing the full multiplication. In general we
* skip the part of the product that are known to be a huge integer (
* more accurately, = 0 mod 8 ). Thus the number of operations are
* independent of the exponent of the input.
*
* (2/pi) is represented by an array of 24-bit integers in ipio2[].
*
* Input parameters:
* x[] The input value (must be positive) is broken into nx
* pieces of 24-bit integers in double precision format.
* x[i] will be the i-th 24 bit of x. The scaled exponent
* of x[0] is given in input parameter e0 (i.e., x[0]*2^e0
* match x's up to 24 bits.
*
* Example of breaking a double positive z into x[0]+x[1]+x[2]:
* e0 = ilogb(z)-23
* z = scalbn(z,-e0)
* for i = 0,1,2
* x[i] = floor(z)
* z = (z-x[i])*2**24
*
*
* y[] output result in an array of double precision numbers.
* The dimension of y[] is:
* 24-bit precision 1
* 53-bit precision 2
* 64-bit precision 2
* 113-bit precision 3
* The actual value is the sum of them. Thus for 113-bit
* precison, one may have to do something like:
*
* long double t,w,r_head, r_tail;
* t = (long double)y[2] + (long double)y[1];
* w = (long double)y[0];
* r_head = t+w;
* r_tail = w - (r_head - t);
*
* e0 The exponent of x[0]. Must be <= 16360 or you need to
* expand the ipio2 table.
*
* nx dimension of x[]
*
* prec an integer indicating the precision:
* 0 24 bits (single)
* 1 53 bits (double)
* 2 64 bits (extended)
* 3 113 bits (quad)
*
* External function:
* double scalbn(), floor();
*
*
* Here is the description of some local variables:
*
* jk jk+1 is the initial number of terms of ipio2[] needed
* in the computation. The recommended value is 2,3,4,
* 6 for single, double, extended,and quad.
*
* jz local integer variable indicating the number of
* terms of ipio2[] used.
*
* jx nx - 1
*
* jv index for pointing to the suitable ipio2[] for the
* computation. In general, we want
* ( 2^e0*x[0] * ipio2[jv-1]*2^(-24jv) )/8
* is an integer. Thus
* e0-3-24*jv >= 0 or (e0-3)/24 >= jv
* Hence jv = max(0,(e0-3)/24).
*
* jp jp+1 is the number of terms in PIo2[] needed, jp = jk.
*
* q[] double array with integral value, representing the
* 24-bits chunk of the product of x and 2/pi.
*
* q0 the corresponding exponent of q[0]. Note that the
* exponent for q[i] would be q0-24*i.
*
* PIo2[] double precision array, obtained by cutting pi/2
* into 24 bits chunks.
*
* f[] ipio2[] in floating point
*
* iq[] integer array by breaking up q[] in 24-bits chunk.
*
* fq[] final product of x*(2/pi) in fq[0],..,fq[jk]
*
* ih integer. If >0 it indicates q[] is >= 0.5, hence
* it also indicates the *sign* of the result.
*
*/
/*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const int init_jk[] = {2,3,4,6}; /* initial value for jk */
/*
* Table of constants for 2/pi, 396 Hex digits (476 decimal) of 2/pi
*
* integer array, contains the (24*i)-th to (24*i+23)-th
* bit of 2/pi after binary point. The corresponding
* floating value is
*
* ipio2[i] * 2^(-24(i+1)).
*
* NB: This table must have at least (e0-3)/24 + jk terms.
* For quad precision (e0 <= 16360, jk = 6), this is 686.
*/
static const int32_t ipio2[] = {
0xA2F983, 0x6E4E44, 0x1529FC, 0x2757D1, 0xF534DD, 0xC0DB62,
0x95993C, 0x439041, 0xFE5163, 0xABDEBB, 0xC561B7, 0x246E3A,
0x424DD2, 0xE00649, 0x2EEA09, 0xD1921C, 0xFE1DEB, 0x1CB129,
0xA73EE8, 0x8235F5, 0x2EBB44, 0x84E99C, 0x7026B4, 0x5F7E41,
0x3991D6, 0x398353, 0x39F49C, 0x845F8B, 0xBDF928, 0x3B1FF8,
0x97FFDE, 0x05980F, 0xEF2F11, 0x8B5A0A, 0x6D1F6D, 0x367ECF,
0x27CB09, 0xB74F46, 0x3F669E, 0x5FEA2D, 0x7527BA, 0xC7EBE5,
0xF17B3D, 0x0739F7, 0x8A5292, 0xEA6BFB, 0x5FB11F, 0x8D5D08,
0x560330, 0x46FC7B, 0x6BABF0, 0xCFBC20, 0x9AF436, 0x1DA9E3,
0x91615E, 0xE61B08, 0x659985, 0x5F14A0, 0x68408D, 0xFFD880,
0x4D7327, 0x310606, 0x1556CA, 0x73A8C9, 0x60E27B, 0xC08C6B,
#if LDBL_MAX_EXP > 1024
#if LDBL_MAX_EXP > 16384
#error "ipio2 table needs to be expanded"
#endif
0x47C419, 0xC367CD, 0xDCE809, 0x2A8359, 0xC4768B, 0x961CA6,
0xDDAF44, 0xD15719, 0x053EA5, 0xFF0705, 0x3F7E33, 0xE832C2,
0xDE4F98, 0x327DBB, 0xC33D26, 0xEF6B1E, 0x5EF89F, 0x3A1F35,
0xCAF27F, 0x1D87F1, 0x21907C, 0x7C246A, 0xFA6ED5, 0x772D30,
0x433B15, 0xC614B5, 0x9D19C3, 0xC2C4AD, 0x414D2C, 0x5D000C,
0x467D86, 0x2D71E3, 0x9AC69B, 0x006233, 0x7CD2B4, 0x97A7B4,
0xD55537, 0xF63ED7, 0x1810A3, 0xFC764D, 0x2A9D64, 0xABD770,
0xF87C63, 0x57B07A, 0xE71517, 0x5649C0, 0xD9D63B, 0x3884A7,
0xCB2324, 0x778AD6, 0x23545A, 0xB91F00, 0x1B0AF1, 0xDFCE19,
0xFF319F, 0x6A1E66, 0x615799, 0x47FBAC, 0xD87F7E, 0xB76522,
0x89E832, 0x60BFE6, 0xCDC4EF, 0x09366C, 0xD43F5D, 0xD7DE16,
0xDE3B58, 0x929BDE, 0x2822D2, 0xE88628, 0x4D58E2, 0x32CAC6,
0x16E308, 0xCB7DE0, 0x50C017, 0xA71DF3, 0x5BE018, 0x34132E,
0x621283, 0x014883, 0x5B8EF5, 0x7FB0AD, 0xF2E91E, 0x434A48,
0xD36710, 0xD8DDAA, 0x425FAE, 0xCE616A, 0xA4280A, 0xB499D3,
0xF2A606, 0x7F775C, 0x83C2A3, 0x883C61, 0x78738A, 0x5A8CAF,
0xBDD76F, 0x63A62D, 0xCBBFF4, 0xEF818D, 0x67C126, 0x45CA55,
0x36D9CA, 0xD2A828, 0x8D61C2, 0x77C912, 0x142604, 0x9B4612,
0xC459C4, 0x44C5C8, 0x91B24D, 0xF31700, 0xAD43D4, 0xE54929,
0x10D5FD, 0xFCBE00, 0xCC941E, 0xEECE70, 0xF53E13, 0x80F1EC,
0xC3E7B3, 0x28F8C7, 0x940593, 0x3E71C1, 0xB3092E, 0xF3450B,
0x9C1288, 0x7B20AB, 0x9FB52E, 0xC29247, 0x2F327B, 0x6D550C,
0x90A772, 0x1FE76B, 0x96CB31, 0x4A1679, 0xE27941, 0x89DFF4,
0x9794E8, 0x84E6E2, 0x973199, 0x6BED88, 0x365F5F, 0x0EFDBB,
0xB49A48, 0x6CA467, 0x427271, 0x325D8D, 0xB8159F, 0x09E5BC,
0x25318D, 0x3974F7, 0x1C0530, 0x010C0D, 0x68084B, 0x58EE2C,
0x90AA47, 0x02E774, 0x24D6BD, 0xA67DF7, 0x72486E, 0xEF169F,
0xA6948E, 0xF691B4, 0x5153D1, 0xF20ACF, 0x339820, 0x7E4BF5,
0x6863B2, 0x5F3EDD, 0x035D40, 0x7F8985, 0x295255, 0xC06437,
0x10D86D, 0x324832, 0x754C5B, 0xD4714E, 0x6E5445, 0xC1090B,
0x69F52A, 0xD56614, 0x9D0727, 0x50045D, 0xDB3BB4, 0xC576EA,
0x17F987, 0x7D6B49, 0xBA271D, 0x296996, 0xACCCC6, 0x5414AD,
0x6AE290, 0x89D988, 0x50722C, 0xBEA404, 0x940777, 0x7030F3,
0x27FC00, 0xA871EA, 0x49C266, 0x3DE064, 0x83DD97, 0x973FA3,
0xFD9443, 0x8C860D, 0xDE4131, 0x9D3992, 0x8C70DD, 0xE7B717,
0x3BDF08, 0x2B3715, 0xA0805C, 0x93805A, 0x921110, 0xD8E80F,
0xAF806C, 0x4BFFDB, 0x0F9038, 0x761859, 0x15A562, 0xBBCB61,
0xB989C7, 0xBD4010, 0x04F2D2, 0x277549, 0xF6B6EB, 0xBB22DB,
0xAA140A, 0x2F2689, 0x768364, 0x333B09, 0x1A940E, 0xAA3A51,
0xC2A31D, 0xAEEDAF, 0x12265C, 0x4DC26D, 0x9C7A2D, 0x9756C0,
0x833F03, 0xF6F009, 0x8C402B, 0x99316D, 0x07B439, 0x15200C,
0x5BC3D8, 0xC492F5, 0x4BADC6, 0xA5CA4E, 0xCD37A7, 0x36A9E6,
0x9492AB, 0x6842DD, 0xDE6319, 0xEF8C76, 0x528B68, 0x37DBFC,
0xABA1AE, 0x3115DF, 0xA1AE00, 0xDAFB0C, 0x664D64, 0xB705ED,
0x306529, 0xBF5657, 0x3AFF47, 0xB9F96A, 0xF3BE75, 0xDF9328,
0x3080AB, 0xF68C66, 0x15CB04, 0x0622FA, 0x1DE4D9, 0xA4B33D,
0x8F1B57, 0x09CD36, 0xE9424E, 0xA4BE13, 0xB52333, 0x1AAAF0,
0xA8654F, 0xA5C1D2, 0x0F3F0B, 0xCD785B, 0x76F923, 0x048B7B,
0x721789, 0x53A6C6, 0xE26E6F, 0x00EBEF, 0x584A9B, 0xB7DAC4,
0xBA66AA, 0xCFCF76, 0x1D02D1, 0x2DF1B1, 0xC1998C, 0x77ADC3,
0xDA4886, 0xA05DF7, 0xF480C6, 0x2FF0AC, 0x9AECDD, 0xBC5C3F,
0x6DDED0, 0x1FC790, 0xB6DB2A, 0x3A25A3, 0x9AAF00, 0x9353AD,
0x0457B6, 0xB42D29, 0x7E804B, 0xA707DA, 0x0EAA76, 0xA1597B,
0x2A1216, 0x2DB7DC, 0xFDE5FA, 0xFEDB89, 0xFDBE89, 0x6C76E4,
0xFCA906, 0x70803E, 0x156E85, 0xFF87FD, 0x073E28, 0x336761,
0x86182A, 0xEABD4D, 0xAFE7B3, 0x6E6D8F, 0x396795, 0x5BBF31,
0x48D784, 0x16DF30, 0x432DC7, 0x356125, 0xCE70C9, 0xB8CB30,
0xFD6CBF, 0xA200A4, 0xE46C05, 0xA0DD5A, 0x476F21, 0xD21262,
0x845CB9, 0x496170, 0xE0566B, 0x015299, 0x375550, 0xB7D51E,
0xC4F133, 0x5F6E13, 0xE4305D, 0xA92E85, 0xC3B21D, 0x3632A1,
0xA4B708, 0xD4B1EA, 0x21F716, 0xE4698F, 0x77FF27, 0x80030C,
0x2D408D, 0xA0CD4F, 0x99A520, 0xD3A2B3, 0x0A5D2F, 0x42F9B4,
0xCBDA11, 0xD0BE7D, 0xC1DB9B, 0xBD17AB, 0x81A2CA, 0x5C6A08,
0x17552E, 0x550027, 0xF0147F, 0x8607E1, 0x640B14, 0x8D4196,
0xDEBE87, 0x2AFDDA, 0xB6256B, 0x34897B, 0xFEF305, 0x9EBFB9,
0x4F6A68, 0xA82A4A, 0x5AC44F, 0xBCF82D, 0x985AD7, 0x95C7F4,
0x8D4D0D, 0xA63A20, 0x5F57A4, 0xB13F14, 0x953880, 0x0120CC,
0x86DD71, 0xB6DEC9, 0xF560BF, 0x11654D, 0x6B0701, 0xACB08C,
0xD0C0B2, 0x485551, 0x0EFB1E, 0xC37295, 0x3B06A3, 0x3540C0,
0x7BDC06, 0xCC45E0, 0xFA294E, 0xC8CAD6, 0x41F3E8, 0xDE647C,
0xD8649B, 0x31BED9, 0xC397A4, 0xD45877, 0xC5E369, 0x13DAF0,
0x3C3ABA, 0x461846, 0x5F7555, 0xF5BDD2, 0xC6926E, 0x5D2EAC,
0xED440E, 0x423E1C, 0x87C461, 0xE9FD29, 0xF3D6E7, 0xCA7C22,
0x35916F, 0xC5E008, 0x8DD7FF, 0xE26A6E, 0xC6FDB0, 0xC10893,
0x745D7C, 0xB2AD6B, 0x9D6ECD, 0x7B723E, 0x6A11C6, 0xA9CFF7,
0xDF7329, 0xBAC9B5, 0x5100B7, 0x0DB2E2, 0x24BA74, 0x607DE5,
0x8AD874, 0x2C150D, 0x0C1881, 0x94667E, 0x162901, 0x767A9F,
0xBEFDFD, 0xEF4556, 0x367ED9, 0x13D9EC, 0xB9BA8B, 0xFC97C4,
0x27A831, 0xC36EF1, 0x36C594, 0x56A8D8, 0xB5A8B4, 0x0ECCCF,
0x2D8912, 0x34576F, 0x89562C, 0xE3CE99, 0xB920D6, 0xAA5E6B,
0x9C2A3E, 0xCC5F11, 0x4A0BFD, 0xFBF4E1, 0x6D3B8E, 0x2C86E2,
0x84D4E9, 0xA9B4FC, 0xD1EEEF, 0xC9352E, 0x61392F, 0x442138,
0xC8D91B, 0x0AFC81, 0x6A4AFB, 0xD81C2F, 0x84B453, 0x8C994E,
0xCC2254, 0xDC552A, 0xD6C6C0, 0x96190B, 0xB8701A, 0x649569,
0x605A26, 0xEE523F, 0x0F117F, 0x11B5F4, 0xF5CBFC, 0x2DBC34,
0xEEBC34, 0xCC5DE8, 0x605EDD, 0x9B8E67, 0xEF3392, 0xB817C9,
0x9B5861, 0xBC57E1, 0xC68351, 0x103ED8, 0x4871DD, 0xDD1C2D,
0xA118AF, 0x462C21, 0xD7F359, 0x987AD9, 0xC0549E, 0xFA864F,
0xFC0656, 0xAE79E5, 0x362289, 0x22AD38, 0xDC9367, 0xAAE855,
0x382682, 0x9BE7CA, 0xA40D51, 0xB13399, 0x0ED7A9, 0x480569,
0xF0B265, 0xA7887F, 0x974C88, 0x36D1F9, 0xB39221, 0x4A827B,
0x21CF98, 0xDC9F40, 0x5547DC, 0x3A74E1, 0x42EB67, 0xDF9DFE,
0x5FD45E, 0xA4677B, 0x7AACBA, 0xA2F655, 0x23882B, 0x55BA41,
0x086E59, 0x862A21, 0x834739, 0xE6E389, 0xD49EE5, 0x40FB49,
0xE956FF, 0xCA0F1C, 0x8A59C5, 0x2BFA94, 0xC5C1D3, 0xCFC50F,
0xAE5ADB, 0x86C547, 0x624385, 0x3B8621, 0x94792C, 0x876110,
0x7B4C2A, 0x1A2C80, 0x12BF43, 0x902688, 0x893C78, 0xE4C4A8,
0x7BDBE5, 0xC23AC4, 0xEAF426, 0x8A67F7, 0xBF920D, 0x2BA365,
0xB1933D, 0x0B7CBD, 0xDC51A4, 0x63DD27, 0xDDE169, 0x19949A,
0x9529A8, 0x28CE68, 0xB4ED09, 0x209F44, 0xCA984E, 0x638270,
0x237C7E, 0x32B90F, 0x8EF5A7, 0xE75614, 0x08F121, 0x2A9DB5,
0x4D7E6F, 0x5119A5, 0xABF9B5, 0xD6DF82, 0x61DD96, 0x023616,
0x9F3AC4, 0xA1A283, 0x6DED72, 0x7A8D39, 0xA9B882, 0x5C326B,
0x5B2746, 0xED3400, 0x7700D2, 0x55F4FC, 0x4D5901, 0x8071E0,
#endif
};
static const double PIo2[] = {
1.57079625129699707031e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x40000000 */
7.54978941586159635335e-08, /* 0x3E74442D, 0x00000000 */
5.39030252995776476554e-15, /* 0x3CF84698, 0x80000000 */
3.28200341580791294123e-22, /* 0x3B78CC51, 0x60000000 */
1.27065575308067607349e-29, /* 0x39F01B83, 0x80000000 */
1.22933308981111328932e-36, /* 0x387A2520, 0x40000000 */
2.73370053816464559624e-44, /* 0x36E38222, 0x80000000 */
2.16741683877804819444e-51, /* 0x3569F31D, 0x00000000 */
};
static const double
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
twon24 = 5.96046447753906250000e-08; /* 0x3E700000, 0x00000000 */
int
__kernel_rem_pio2(double *x, double *y, int e0, int nx, int prec)
{
int32_t jz,jx,jv,jp,jk,carry,n,iq[20],i,j,k,m,q0,ih;
double z,fw,f[20],fq[20],q[20];
/* initialize jk*/
jk = init_jk[prec];
jp = jk;
/* determine jx,jv,q0, note that 3>q0 */
jx = nx-1;
jv = (e0-3)/24; if(jv<0) jv=0;
q0 = e0-24*(jv+1);
/* set up f[0] to f[jx+jk] where f[jx+jk] = ipio2[jv+jk] */
j = jv-jx; m = jx+jk;
for(i=0;i<=m;i++,j++) f[i] = (j<0)? zero : (double) ipio2[j];
/* compute q[0],q[1],...q[jk] */
for (i=0;i<=jk;i++) {
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j]; q[i] = fw;
}
jz = jk;
recompute:
/* distill q[] into iq[] reversingly */
for(i=0,j=jz,z=q[jz];j>0;i++,j--) {
fw = (double)((int32_t)(twon24* z));
iq[i] = (int32_t)(z-two24*fw);
z = q[j-1]+fw;
}
/* compute n */
z = scalbn(z,q0); /* actual value of z */
z -= 8.0*floor(z*0.125); /* trim off integer >= 8 */
n = (int32_t) z;
z -= (double)n;
ih = 0;
if(q0>0) { /* need iq[jz-1] to determine n */
i = (iq[jz-1]>>(24-q0)); n += i;
iq[jz-1] -= i<<(24-q0);
ih = iq[jz-1]>>(23-q0);
}
else if(q0==0) ih = iq[jz-1]>>23;
else if(z>=0.5) ih=2;
if(ih>0) { /* q > 0.5 */
n += 1; carry = 0;
for(i=0;i<jz ;i++) { /* compute 1-q */
j = iq[i];
if(carry==0) {
if(j!=0) {
carry = 1; iq[i] = 0x1000000- j;
}
} else iq[i] = 0xffffff - j;
}
if(q0>0) { /* rare case: chance is 1 in 12 */
switch(q0) {
case 1:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x7fffff; break;
case 2:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x3fffff; break;
}
}
if(ih==2) {
z = one - z;
if(carry!=0) z -= scalbn(one,q0);
}
}
/* check if recomputation is needed */
if(z==zero) {
j = 0;
for (i=jz-1;i>=jk;i--) j |= iq[i];
if(j==0) { /* need recomputation */
for(k=1;iq[jk-k]==0;k++); /* k = no. of terms needed */
for(i=jz+1;i<=jz+k;i++) { /* add q[jz+1] to q[jz+k] */
f[jx+i] = (double) ipio2[jv+i];
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j];
q[i] = fw;
}
jz += k;
goto recompute;
}
}
/* chop off zero terms */
if(z==0.0) {
jz -= 1; q0 -= 24;
while(iq[jz]==0) { jz--; q0-=24;}
} else { /* break z into 24-bit if necessary */
z = scalbn(z,-q0);
if(z>=two24) {
fw = (double)((int32_t)(twon24*z));
iq[jz] = (int32_t)(z-two24*fw);
jz += 1; q0 += 24;
iq[jz] = (int32_t) fw;
} else iq[jz] = (int32_t) z ;
}
/* convert integer "bit" chunk to floating-point value */
fw = scalbn(one,q0);
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
q[i] = fw*(double)iq[i]; fw*=twon24;
}
/* compute PIo2[0,...,jp]*q[jz,...,0] */
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
for(fw=0.0,k=0;k<=jp&&k<=jz-i;k++) fw += PIo2[k]*q[i+k];
fq[jz-i] = fw;
}
/* compress fq[] into y[] */
switch(prec) {
case 0:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 1:
case 2:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
STRICT_ASSIGN(double,fw,fw);
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
fw = fq[0]-fw;
for (i=1;i<=jz;i++) fw += fq[i];
y[1] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 3: /* painful */
for (i=jz;i>0;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (i=jz;i>1;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (fw=0.0,i=jz;i>=2;i--) fw += fq[i];
if(ih==0) {
y[0] = fq[0]; y[1] = fq[1]; y[2] = fw;
} else {
y[0] = -fq[0]; y[1] = -fq[1]; y[2] = -fw;
}
}
return n&7;
}

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/* @(#)k_sin.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __kernel_sin( x, y, iy)
* kernel sin function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input iy indicates whether y is 0. (if iy=0, y assume to be 0).
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since sin(-x) = -sin(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-27 (hx<0x3e400000 0), return x with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. sin(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 13 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 3 13
* sin(x) ~ x + S1*x + ... + S6*x
* where
*
* |sin(x) 2 4 6 8 10 12 | -58
* |----- - (1+S1*x +S2*x +S3*x +S4*x +S5*x +S6*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* 4. sin(x+y) = sin(x) + sin'(x')*y
* ~ sin(x) + (1-x*x/2)*y
* For better accuracy, let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(S2+x *(S3+x *(S4+x *(S5+x *S6))))
* then 3 2
* sin(x) = x + (S1*x + (x *(r-y/2)+y))
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
S1 = -1.66666666666666324348e-01, /* 0xBFC55555, 0x55555549 */
S2 = 8.33333333332248946124e-03, /* 0x3F811111, 0x1110F8A6 */
S3 = -1.98412698298579493134e-04, /* 0xBF2A01A0, 0x19C161D5 */
S4 = 2.75573137070700676789e-06, /* 0x3EC71DE3, 0x57B1FE7D */
S5 = -2.50507602534068634195e-08, /* 0xBE5AE5E6, 0x8A2B9CEB */
S6 = 1.58969099521155010221e-10; /* 0x3DE5D93A, 0x5ACFD57C */
double
__kernel_sin(double x, double y, int iy)
{
double z,r,v;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of x */
if(ix<0x3e400000) /* |x| < 2**-27 */
{if((int)x==0) return x;} /* generate inexact */
z = x*x;
v = z*x;
r = S2+z*(S3+z*(S4+z*(S5+z*S6)));
if(iy==0) return x+v*(S1+z*r);
else return x-((z*(half*y-v*r)-y)-v*S1);
}

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/* @(#)k_tan.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __kernel_tan( x, y, k )
* kernel tan function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input k indicates whether tan (if k=1) or
* -1/tan (if k= -1) is returned.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since tan(-x) = -tan(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-28 (hx<0x3e300000 0), return x with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. tan(x) is approximated by a odd polynomial of degree 27 on
* [0,0.67434]
* 3 27
* tan(x) ~ x + T1*x + ... + T13*x
* where
*
* |tan(x) 2 4 26 | -59.2
* |----- - (1+T1*x +T2*x +.... +T13*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* Note: tan(x+y) = tan(x) + tan'(x)*y
* ~ tan(x) + (1+x*x)*y
* Therefore, for better accuracy in computing tan(x+y), let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(T2+x *(T3+x *(...+x *(T12+x *T13))))
* then
* 3 2
* tan(x+y) = x + (T1*x + (x *(r+y)+y))
*
* 4. For x in [0.67434,pi/4], let y = pi/4 - x, then
* tan(x) = tan(pi/4-y) = (1-tan(y))/(1+tan(y))
* = 1 - 2*(tan(y) - (tan(y)^2)/(1+tan(y)))
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double xxx[] = {
3.33333333333334091986e-01, /* 3FD55555, 55555563 */
1.33333333333201242699e-01, /* 3FC11111, 1110FE7A */
5.39682539762260521377e-02, /* 3FABA1BA, 1BB341FE */
2.18694882948595424599e-02, /* 3F9664F4, 8406D637 */
8.86323982359930005737e-03, /* 3F8226E3, E96E8493 */
3.59207910759131235356e-03, /* 3F6D6D22, C9560328 */
1.45620945432529025516e-03, /* 3F57DBC8, FEE08315 */
5.88041240820264096874e-04, /* 3F4344D8, F2F26501 */
2.46463134818469906812e-04, /* 3F3026F7, 1A8D1068 */
7.81794442939557092300e-05, /* 3F147E88, A03792A6 */
7.14072491382608190305e-05, /* 3F12B80F, 32F0A7E9 */
-1.85586374855275456654e-05, /* BEF375CB, DB605373 */
2.59073051863633712884e-05, /* 3EFB2A70, 74BF7AD4 */
/* one */ 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 3FF00000, 00000000 */
/* pio4 */ 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 3FE921FB, 54442D18 */
/* pio4lo */ 3.06161699786838301793e-17 /* 3C81A626, 33145C07 */
};
#define one xxx[13]
#define pio4 xxx[14]
#define pio4lo xxx[15]
#define T xxx
double
__kernel_tan(double x, double y, int iy)
{
double z, r, v, w, s;
int32_t ix, hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx, x); /* high word of x */
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
if (ix < 0x3e300000) { /* x < 2**-28 */
if ((int) x == 0) { /* generate inexact */
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low, x);
if(((ix | low) | (iy + 1)) == 0)
return one / fabs(x);
else {
if (iy == 1)
return x;
else { /* compute -1 / (x+y) carefully */
double a, t;
z = w = x + y;
SET_LOW_WORD(z, 0);
v = y - (z - x);
t = a = -one / w;
SET_LOW_WORD(t, 0);
s = one + t * z;
return t + a * (s + t * v);
}
}
}
}
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) { /* |x| >= 0.6744 */
if (hx < 0) {
x = -x;
y = -y;
}
z = pio4 - x;
w = pio4lo - y;
x = z + w;
y = 0.0;
}
z = x * x;
w = z * z;
/*
* Break x^5*(T[1]+x^2*T[2]+...) into
* x^5(T[1]+x^4*T[3]+...+x^20*T[11]) +
* x^5(x^2*(T[2]+x^4*T[4]+...+x^22*[T12]))
*/
r = T[1] + w * (T[3] + w * (T[5] + w * (T[7] + w * (T[9] +
w * T[11]))));
v = z * (T[2] + w * (T[4] + w * (T[6] + w * (T[8] + w * (T[10] +
w * T[12])))));
s = z * x;
r = y + z * (s * (r + v) + y);
r += T[0] * s;
w = x + r;
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) {
v = (double) iy;
return (double) (1 - ((hx >> 30) & 2)) *
(v - 2.0 * (x - (w * w / (w + v) - r)));
}
if (iy == 1)
return w;
else {
/*
* if allow error up to 2 ulp, simply return
* -1.0 / (x+r) here
*/
/* compute -1.0 / (x+r) accurately */
double a, t;
z = w;
SET_LOW_WORD(z, 0);
v = r - (z - x); /* z+v = r+x */
t = a = -1.0 / w; /* a = -1.0/w */
SET_LOW_WORD(t, 0);
s = 1.0 + t * z;
return t + a * (s + t * v);
}
}

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/* @(#)s_asinh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* asinh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* asinh(x) = sign(x) * log [ |x| + sqrt(x*x+1) ]
* we have
* asinh(x) := x if 1+x*x=1,
* := sign(x)*(log(x)+ln2)) for large |x|, else
* := sign(x)*log(2|x|+1/(|x|+sqrt(x*x+1))) if|x|>2, else
* := sign(x)*log1p(|x| + x^2/(1 + sqrt(1+x^2)))
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
huge= 1.00000000000000000000e+300;
double
asinh(double x)
{
double t,w;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x; /* x is inf or NaN */
if(ix< 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* return x inexact except 0 */
}
if(ix>0x41b00000) { /* |x| > 2**28 */
w = log(fabs(x))+ln2;
} else if (ix>0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > |x| > 2.0 */
t = fabs(x);
w = log(2.0*t+one/(sqrt(x*x+one)+t));
} else { /* 2.0 > |x| > 2**-28 */
t = x*x;
w =log1p(fabs(x)+t/(one+sqrt(one+t)));
}
if(hx>0) return w; else return -w;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(asinhl, asinh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_atan.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* atan(x)
* Method
* 1. Reduce x to positive by atan(x) = -atan(-x).
* 2. According to the integer k=4t+0.25 chopped, t=x, the argument
* is further reduced to one of the following intervals and the
* arctangent of t is evaluated by the corresponding formula:
*
* [0,7/16] atan(x) = t-t^3*(a1+t^2*(a2+...(a10+t^2*a11)...)
* [7/16,11/16] atan(x) = atan(1/2) + atan( (t-0.5)/(1+t/2) )
* [11/16.19/16] atan(x) = atan( 1 ) + atan( (t-1)/(1+t) )
* [19/16,39/16] atan(x) = atan(3/2) + atan( (t-1.5)/(1+1.5t) )
* [39/16,INF] atan(x) = atan(INF) + atan( -1/t )
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double atanhi[] = {
4.63647609000806093515e-01, /* atan(0.5)hi 0x3FDDAC67, 0x0561BB4F */
7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* atan(1.0)hi 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
9.82793723247329054082e-01, /* atan(1.5)hi 0x3FEF730B, 0xD281F69B */
1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* atan(inf)hi 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
};
static const double atanlo[] = {
2.26987774529616870924e-17, /* atan(0.5)lo 0x3C7A2B7F, 0x222F65E2 */
3.06161699786838301793e-17, /* atan(1.0)lo 0x3C81A626, 0x33145C07 */
1.39033110312309984516e-17, /* atan(1.5)lo 0x3C700788, 0x7AF0CBBD */
6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* atan(inf)lo 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
};
static const double aT[] = {
3.33333333333329318027e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x5555550D */
-1.99999999998764832476e-01, /* 0xBFC99999, 0x9998EBC4 */
1.42857142725034663711e-01, /* 0x3FC24924, 0x920083FF */
-1.11111104054623557880e-01, /* 0xBFBC71C6, 0xFE231671 */
9.09088713343650656196e-02, /* 0x3FB745CD, 0xC54C206E */
-7.69187620504482999495e-02, /* 0xBFB3B0F2, 0xAF749A6D */
6.66107313738753120669e-02, /* 0x3FB10D66, 0xA0D03D51 */
-5.83357013379057348645e-02, /* 0xBFADDE2D, 0x52DEFD9A */
4.97687799461593236017e-02, /* 0x3FA97B4B, 0x24760DEB */
-3.65315727442169155270e-02, /* 0xBFA2B444, 0x2C6A6C2F */
1.62858201153657823623e-02, /* 0x3F90AD3A, 0xE322DA11 */
};
static const double
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e300;
double
atan(double x)
{
double w,s1,s2,z;
int32_t ix,hx,id;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x44100000) { /* if |x| >= 2^66 */
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
if(ix>0x7ff00000||
(ix==0x7ff00000&&(low!=0)))
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx>0) return atanhi[3]+atanlo[3];
else return -atanhi[3]-atanlo[3];
} if (ix < 0x3fdc0000) { /* |x| < 0.4375 */
if (ix < 0x3e200000) { /* |x| < 2^-29 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* raise inexact */
}
id = -1;
} else {
x = fabs(x);
if (ix < 0x3ff30000) { /* |x| < 1.1875 */
if (ix < 0x3fe60000) { /* 7/16 <=|x|<11/16 */
id = 0; x = (2.0*x-one)/(2.0+x);
} else { /* 11/16<=|x|< 19/16 */
id = 1; x = (x-one)/(x+one);
}
} else {
if (ix < 0x40038000) { /* |x| < 2.4375 */
id = 2; x = (x-1.5)/(one+1.5*x);
} else { /* 2.4375 <= |x| < 2^66 */
id = 3; x = -1.0/x;
}
}}
/* end of argument reduction */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
/* break sum from i=0 to 10 aT[i]z**(i+1) into odd and even poly */
s1 = z*(aT[0]+w*(aT[2]+w*(aT[4]+w*(aT[6]+w*(aT[8]+w*aT[10])))));
s2 = w*(aT[1]+w*(aT[3]+w*(aT[5]+w*(aT[7]+w*aT[9]))));
if (id<0) return x - x*(s1+s2);
else {
z = atanhi[id] - ((x*(s1+s2) - atanlo[id]) - x);
return (hx<0)? -z:z;
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(atanl, atan);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_ceil.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* ceil(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to ceil(x).
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
double
ceil(double x)
{
int32_t i0,i1,jj0;
u_int32_t i,j;
EXTRACT_WORDS(i0,i1,x);
jj0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(jj0<20) {
if(jj0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0<0) {i0=0x80000000;i1=0;}
else if((i0|i1)!=0) { i0=0x3ff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>jj0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>jj0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (jj0>51) {
if(jj0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((u_int32_t)(0xffffffff))>>(jj0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) {
if(jj0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1 + (1<<(52-jj0));
if(j<i1) i0+=1; /* got a carry */
i1 = j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
INSERT_WORDS(x,i0,i1);
return x;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(ceill, ceil);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_copysign.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* copysign(double x, double y)
* copysign(x,y) returns a value with the magnitude of x and
* with the sign bit of y.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
double
copysign(double x, double y)
{
u_int32_t hx,hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x7fffffff)|(hy&0x80000000));
return x;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(copysignl, copysign);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_cos.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* cos(x)
* Return cosine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cosine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
double
cos(double x)
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int32_t n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_cos(x,z);
/* cos(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 1: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 2: return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
default:
return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
}
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(cosl, cos);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_expm1.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* expm1(x)
* Returns exp(x)-1, the exponential of x minus 1.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658
*
* Here a correction term c will be computed to compensate
* the error in r when rounded to a floating-point number.
*
* 2. Approximating expm1(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Since
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 - r^4/360 + ...
* we define R1(r*r) by
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 * R1(r*r)
* That is,
* R1(r**2) = 6/r *((exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) - 2/r)
* = 6/r * ( 1 + 2.0*(1/(exp(r)-1) - 1/r))
* = 1 - r^2/60 + r^4/2520 - r^6/100800 + ...
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.347] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 in r*r to approximate R1. The
* maximum error of this polynomial approximation is bounded
* by 2**-61. In other words,
* R1(z) ~ 1.0 + Q1*z + Q2*z**2 + Q3*z**3 + Q4*z**4 + Q5*z**5
* where Q1 = -1.6666666666666567384E-2,
* Q2 = 3.9682539681370365873E-4,
* Q3 = -9.9206344733435987357E-6,
* Q4 = 2.5051361420808517002E-7,
* Q5 = -6.2843505682382617102E-9;
* (where z=r*r, and the values of Q1 to Q5 are listed below)
* with error bounded by
* | 5 | -61
* | 1.0+Q1*z+...+Q5*z - R1(z) | <= 2
* | |
*
* expm1(r) = exp(r)-1 is then computed by the following
* specific way which minimize the accumulation rounding error:
* 2 3
* r r [ 3 - (R1 + R1*r/2) ]
* expm1(r) = r + --- + --- * [--------------------]
* 2 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ]
*
* To compensate the error in the argument reduction, we use
* expm1(r+c) = expm1(r) + c + expm1(r)*c
* ~ expm1(r) + c + r*c
* Thus c+r*c will be added in as the correction terms for
* expm1(r+c). Now rearrange the term to avoid optimization
* screw up:
* ( 2 2 )
* ({ ( r [ R1 - (3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } r )
* expm1(r+c)~r - ({r*(--- * [--------------------]-c)-c} - --- )
* ({ ( 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } 2 )
* ( )
*
* = r - E
* 3. Scale back to obtain expm1(x):
* From step 1, we have
* expm1(x) = either 2^k*[expm1(r)+1] - 1
* = or 2^k*[expm1(r) + (1-2^-k)]
* 4. Implementation notes:
* (A). To save one multiplication, we scale the coefficient Qi
* to Qi*2^i, and replace z by (x^2)/2.
* (B). To achieve maximum accuracy, we compute expm1(x) by
* (i) if x < -56*ln2, return -1.0, (raise inexact if x!=inf)
* (ii) if k=0, return r-E
* (iii) if k=-1, return 0.5*(r-E)-0.5
* (iv) if k=1 if r < -0.25, return 2*((r+0.5)- E)
* else return 1.0+2.0*(r-E);
* (v) if (k<-2||k>56) return 2^k(1-(E-r)) - 1 (or exp(x)-1)
* (vi) if k <= 20, return 2^k((1-2^-k)-(E-r)), else
* (vii) return 2^k(1-((E+2^-k)-r))
*
* Special cases:
* expm1(INF) is INF, expm1(NaN) is NaN;
* expm1(-INF) is -1, and
* for finite argument, only expm1(0)=0 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then expm1(x) overflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e+300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
o_threshold = 7.09782712893383973096e+02,/* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01,/* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10,/* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00,/* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
/* scaled coefficients related to expm1 */
Q1 = -3.33333333333331316428e-02, /* BFA11111 111110F4 */
Q2 = 1.58730158725481460165e-03, /* 3F5A01A0 19FE5585 */
Q3 = -7.93650757867487942473e-05, /* BF14CE19 9EAADBB7 */
Q4 = 4.00821782732936239552e-06, /* 3ED0CFCA 86E65239 */
Q5 = -2.01099218183624371326e-07; /* BE8AFDB7 6E09C32D */
double
expm1(double x)
{
double y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1;
int32_t k,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = hx&0x80000000; /* sign bit of x */
if(xsb==0) y=x; else y= -x; /* y = |x| */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x4043687A) { /* if |x|>=56*ln2 */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
if(((hx&0xfffff)|low)!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:-1.0;/* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
if(xsb!=0) { /* x < -56*ln2, return -1.0 with inexact */
if(x+tiny<0.0) /* raise inexact */
return tiny-one; /* return -1 */
}
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
if(xsb==0)
{hi = x - ln2_hi; lo = ln2_lo; k = 1;}
else
{hi = x + ln2_hi; lo = -ln2_lo; k = -1;}
} else {
k = invln2*x+((xsb==0)?0.5:-0.5);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2_hi; /* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
lo = t*ln2_lo;
}
x = hi - lo;
c = (hi-x)-lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3c900000) { /* when |x|<2**-54, return x */
t = huge+x; /* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
return x - (t-(huge+x));
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
hfx = 0.5*x;
hxs = x*hfx;
r1 = one+hxs*(Q1+hxs*(Q2+hxs*(Q3+hxs*(Q4+hxs*Q5))));
t = 3.0-r1*hfx;
e = hxs*((r1-t)/(6.0 - x*t));
if(k==0) return x - (x*e-hxs); /* c is 0 */
else {
e = (x*(e-c)-c);
e -= hxs;
if(k== -1) return 0.5*(x-e)-0.5;
if(k==1) {
if(x < -0.25) return -2.0*(e-(x+0.5));
else return one+2.0*(x-e);
}
if (k <= -2 || k>56) { /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
u_int32_t high;
y = one-(e-x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y-one;
}
t = one;
if(k<20) {
u_int32_t high;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,0x3ff00000 - (0x200000>>k)); /* t=1-2^-k */
y = t-(e-x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
} else {
u_int32_t high;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,((0x3ff-k)<<20)); /* 2^-k */
y = x-(e+t);
y += one;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
}
}
return y;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(expm1l, expm1);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_fabs.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* fabs(x) returns the absolute value of x.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
fabs(double x)
{
u_int32_t high;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,x);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,high&0x7fffffff);
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_floor.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* floor(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to floor(x).
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
double
floor(double x)
{
int32_t i0,i1,jj0;
u_int32_t i,j;
EXTRACT_WORDS(i0,i1,x);
jj0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(jj0<20) {
if(jj0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0>=0) {i0=i1=0;}
else if(((i0&0x7fffffff)|i1)!=0)
{ i0=0xbff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>jj0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>jj0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (jj0>51) {
if(jj0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((u_int32_t)(0xffffffff))>>(jj0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) {
if(jj0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1+(1<<(52-jj0));
if(j<i1) i0 +=1 ; /* got a carry */
i1=j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
INSERT_WORDS(x,i0,i1);
return x;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(floorl, floor);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_log1p.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* double log1p(double x)
*
* Method :
* 1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
* 1+x = 2^k * (1+f),
* where sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
*
* Note. If k=0, then f=x is exact. However, if k!=0, then f
* may not be representable exactly. In that case, a correction
* term is need. Let u=1+x rounded. Let c = (1+x)-u, then
* log(1+x) - log(u) ~ c/u. Thus, we proceed to compute log(u),
* and add back the correction term c/u.
* (Note: when x > 2**53, one can simply return log(x))
*
* 2. Approximation of log1p(f).
* Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
* = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
* = 2s + s*R
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
* other words,
* 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
* R(z) ~ Lp1*s +Lp2*s +Lp3*s +Lp4*s +Lp5*s +Lp6*s +Lp7*s
* (the values of Lp1 to Lp7 are listed in the program)
* and
* | 2 14 | -58.45
* | Lp1*s +...+Lp7*s - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
* In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
* by
* log1p(f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)).
*
* 3. Finally, log1p(x) = k*ln2 + log1p(f).
* = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
* Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
* ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
* where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
*
* Special cases:
* log1p(x) is NaN with signal if x < -1 (including -INF) ;
* log1p(+INF) is +INF; log1p(-1) is -INF with signal;
* log1p(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*
* Note: Assuming log() return accurate answer, the following
* algorithm can be used to compute log1p(x) to within a few ULP:
*
* u = 1+x;
* if(u==1.0) return x ; else
* return log(u)*(x/(u-1.0));
*
* See HP-15C Advanced Functions Handbook, p.193.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 3fe62e42 fee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 3dea39ef 35793c76 */
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 43500000 00000000 */
Lp1 = 6.666666666666735130e-01, /* 3FE55555 55555593 */
Lp2 = 3.999999999940941908e-01, /* 3FD99999 9997FA04 */
Lp3 = 2.857142874366239149e-01, /* 3FD24924 94229359 */
Lp4 = 2.222219843214978396e-01, /* 3FCC71C5 1D8E78AF */
Lp5 = 1.818357216161805012e-01, /* 3FC74664 96CB03DE */
Lp6 = 1.531383769920937332e-01, /* 3FC39A09 D078C69F */
Lp7 = 1.479819860511658591e-01; /* 3FC2F112 DF3E5244 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
log1p(double x)
{
double hfsq,f,c,s,z,R,u;
int32_t k,hx,hu,ax;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ax = hx&0x7fffffff;
k = 1;
if (hx < 0x3FDA827A) { /* x < 0.41422 */
if(ax>=0x3ff00000) { /* x <= -1.0 */
if(x==-1.0) return -two54/zero; /* log1p(-1)=+inf */
else return (x-x)/(x-x); /* log1p(x<-1)=NaN */
}
if(ax<0x3e200000) { /* |x| < 2**-29 */
if(two54+x>zero /* raise inexact */
&&ax<0x3c900000) /* |x| < 2**-54 */
return x;
else
return x - x*x*0.5;
}
if(hx>0||hx<=((int32_t)0xbfd2bec3)) {
k=0;f=x;hu=1;} /* -0.2929<x<0.41422 */
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if(k!=0) {
if(hx<0x43400000) {
u = 1.0+x;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hu,u);
k = (hu>>20)-1023;
c = (k>0)? 1.0-(u-x):x-(u-1.0);/* correction term */
c /= u;
} else {
u = x;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hu,u);
k = (hu>>20)-1023;
c = 0;
}
hu &= 0x000fffff;
if(hu<0x6a09e) {
SET_HIGH_WORD(u,hu|0x3ff00000); /* normalize u */
} else {
k += 1;
SET_HIGH_WORD(u,hu|0x3fe00000); /* normalize u/2 */
hu = (0x00100000-hu)>>2;
}
f = u-1.0;
}
hfsq=0.5*f*f;
if(hu==0) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero;
else {c += k*ln2_lo; return k*ln2_hi+c;}
R = hfsq*(1.0-0.66666666666666666*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else
return k*ln2_hi-((R-(k*ln2_lo+c))-f);
}
s = f/(2.0+f);
z = s*s;
R = z*(Lp1+z*(Lp2+z*(Lp3+z*(Lp4+z*(Lp5+z*(Lp6+z*Lp7))))));
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return k*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+(k*ln2_lo+c)))-f);
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(log1pl, log1p);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* $OpenBSD: s_round.c,v 1.6 2013/07/03 04:46:36 espie Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2003, Steven G. Kargl
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
* disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
double
round(double x)
{
double t;
if (isinf(x) || isnan(x))
return (x);
if (x >= 0.0) {
t = floor(x);
if (t - x <= -0.5)
t += 1.0;
return (t);
} else {
t = floor(-x);
if (t + x <= -0.5)
t += 1.0;
return (-t);
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(roundl, round);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_scalbn.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* scalbn (double x, int n)
* scalbn(x,n) returns x* 2**n computed by exponent
* manipulation rather than by actually performing an
* exponentiation or a multiplication.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
twom54 = 5.55111512312578270212e-17, /* 0x3C900000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.0e+300,
tiny = 1.0e-300;
double
scalbn (double x, int n)
{
int32_t k,hx,lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
k = (hx&0x7ff00000)>>20; /* extract exponent */
if (k==0) { /* 0 or subnormal x */
if ((lx|(hx&0x7fffffff))==0) return x; /* +-0 */
x *= two54;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
k = ((hx&0x7ff00000)>>20) - 54;
if (n< -50000) return tiny*x; /*underflow*/
}
if (k==0x7ff) return x+x; /* NaN or Inf */
k = k+n;
if (k > 0x7fe) return huge*copysign(huge,x); /* overflow */
if (k > 0) /* normal result */
{SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20)); return x;}
if (k <= -54)
if (n > 50000) /* in case integer overflow in n+k */
return huge*copysign(huge,x); /*overflow*/
else return tiny*copysign(tiny,x); /*underflow*/
k += 54; /* subnormal result */
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20));
return x*twom54;
}
double
ldexp(double x, int n)
{
return scalbn(x, n);
}

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/* @(#)s_sin.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sin(x)
* Return sine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cose function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
double
sin(double x)
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int32_t n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_sin(x,z,0);
/* sin(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 1: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 2: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
default:
return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
}
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(sinl, sin);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_tan.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* tan(x)
* Return tangent function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_tan ... tangent function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
double
tan(double x)
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int32_t n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_tan(x,z,1);
/* tan(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x; /* NaN */
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
return __kernel_tan(y[0],y[1],1-((n&1)<<1)); /* 1 -- n even
-1 -- n odd */
}
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(tanl, tan);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)s_tanh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* Tanh(x)
* Return the Hyperbolic Tangent of x
*
* Method :
* x -x
* e - e
* 0. tanh(x) is defined to be -----------
* x -x
* e + e
* 1. reduce x to non-negative by tanh(-x) = -tanh(x).
* 2. 0 <= x < 2**-55 : tanh(x) := x*(one+x)
* -t
* 2**-55 <= x < 1 : tanh(x) := -----; t = expm1(-2x)
* t + 2
* 2
* 1 <= x < 22.0 : tanh(x) := 1- ----- ; t=expm1(2x)
* t + 2
* 22.0 <= x <= INF : tanh(x) := 1.
*
* Special cases:
* tanh(NaN) is NaN;
* only tanh(0)=0 is exact for finite argument.
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one=1.0, two=2.0, tiny = 1.0e-300;
double
tanh(double x)
{
double t,z;
int32_t jx,ix,lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
EXTRACT_WORDS(jx,lx,x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) {
if (jx>=0) return one/x+one; /* tanh(+-inf)=+-1 */
else return one/x-one; /* tanh(NaN) = NaN */
}
/* |x| < 22 */
if (ix < 0x40360000) { /* |x|<22 */
if ((ix | lx) == 0)
return x; /* x == +-0 */
if (ix<0x3c800000) /* |x|<2**-55 */
return x*(one+x); /* tanh(small) = small */
if (ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>=1 */
t = expm1(two*fabs(x));
z = one - two/(t+two);
} else {
t = expm1(-two*fabs(x));
z= -t/(t+two);
}
/* |x| >= 22, return +-1 */
} else {
z = one - tiny; /* raised inexact flag */
}
return (jx>=0)? z: -z;
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(tanhl, tanh);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */

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/* @(#)w_lgamma.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* double lgamma(double x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call lgamma_r
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "math_private.h"
extern int signgam;
double
lgamma(double x)
{
return lgamma_r(x,&signgam);
}
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG
__strong_alias(lgammal, lgamma);
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == DBL_MANT_DIG */